E. (EUELEPHAS) INDICES. 155 



figured and described by De Blainville, 1 has a crown consisting 

 of sixteen principal ridges, with talons. The skull, No. 2659 

 of the Osteol. Catal. Mus. College of Surgeons, presents the 

 upper penultimate on either side perfect, although partly 

 worn, and the empty alveoli of the germs of the last true 

 molar behind. The crown of the penultimate is composed of 

 sixteen principal ridges, with a front and back talon, of 

 which the eleven anterior ridges are worn. The dimensions 

 are : — 



Length of crown, 7"5 in. Width of ditto in front, 3'0 in. 



Of the penultimate lower true molar, the majority of speci- 

 mens that I have examined have also presented sixteen prin- 

 cipal ridges, with talons. A fine illustration is afforded by 

 the left ramus of the mandible, No. 2667 of the Osteol. Catal. 

 Mus. Coll. of Surgeons. The inner wall of bone is removed 

 so as to expose the embedded crown and fangs. The penul- 

 timate is complete, having in front the posterior fang-alveolus 

 of the antepenultimate, and behind the empty cavity of the 

 unformed last molar. The crown presents distinctly sixteen 

 principal ridges, with front and back talons, the dimensions 

 being : — 



Length of crown, 9 - 5 in. Width in front, 2'4 in. Greatest width, 3 - in. Height 

 at fifth ridge, 5 in. 



The five anterior ridges alone are affected by wear. 



This specimen is designated in the Osteological Catalogue 

 of the collection the last true molar ; but the form and 

 dimensions prove it to be penultimate. 



A detached penultimate left lower molar in the same 

 Museum, No. 2825, presents a crown composed also of sixteen 

 principal ridges, with front and back talons. Eleven of the 

 ridges are worn. The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 9'0 in. Width of ditto at seventh ridge, 3'2 in. Height of 

 ditto at eleventh ridge, 5'5 in. 



This specimen is described in the Catalogue as the last molar, 

 but it presents all the characters of a penultimate. 



No. 2824 of the same collection, a lower ramus, left side, 

 contains the antepenultimate and penultimate in situ, the 

 former well worn and reduced to the discs of the eight pos- 

 terior ridges, the latter nearly in germ, the three anterior 

 ridges alone being slightly abraded. The penultimate in this 

 instance also presents sixteen principal ridges, with talons. 



In the Ipswich Museum there is a fine specimen of a de- 

 tached penultimate molar of the lower jaw, left side, presented 

 by Mr. C. Bree, which presents sixteen ridges, besides talons, 

 in a length of crown of 9 - 5 inches. Another specimen of a 



1 Osteographie : ' Des Elephants,' tab. 7, fig- 5 c. 



