E. (EUELEPHAS) PRIMIGEXIUS. 161 



The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 4-6 in. Greatest width at second ridge, l'8in. Height at 

 second ridge, 4'0 in. 



Numerous other examples of this tooth might be cited, 

 presenting either eleven or twelve ridges, with talons. De 

 Blainville describes it as being composed of eleven, and 

 Professor Owen of from twelve to fourteen ridges, the talon- 

 plates in the latter case being probably taken into the 

 reckoning. 



b. Lower Milk Molars. — Of the lower milk molars, the ante- 

 penultimate, or most anterior, is exceedingly rare in col- 

 lections. An illustration of it is furnished by the specimen 

 figured and described by Kaup, under the name of Cymato- 

 therium antiquum. Like the corresponding rudimentary 

 tooth in the Indian Elephant, it is inferred to be composed 

 ordinarily of few ridges. There is a specimen in tbe British 

 Museum (No. 33,403), from Mr. Layton's collection, 1 which 

 contains the sockets of the two anterior milk molars ; but 

 the crowns are wanting. 



Of the penultimate milk molar of the lower jaw, there is 

 a fine specimen in the Taunton Museum, from one of the 

 Mendip caves, in perfect preservation, with the fangs present 

 and the crown worn. It is composed of seven principal 

 ridges, besides front and hind talons ; the latter is so large 

 that the crown may be regarded as comprising eight prin- 

 cipal ridges without a hind talon ; the grinding surface 

 presents no inequalities in the shape of raised machserides, 

 the cement, ivory, and enamel being on a uniform level, as 

 if j)olished. 



The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 2-3 in. Width at second disc, 0'9 in. Greatest width, behind, 

 1-4 in. 



From these dimensions it is seen that the crown is narrow in 

 front and about half an inch wider behind, yielding some- 

 what of an ovate outline. Other illustrations might be cited, 

 in which the crown of the penultimate lower milk molar 

 presents eight ridges, besides talons. 



Of the last milk molar of the lower jaw (third in the order 

 of appearance), a very fine example in situ is afforded by a 

 cast of a mandible in the Museum of the College of 

 Surgeons. Both rami are complete, with the exception of 

 the articular surfaces of the condyles. The last milk molar, 

 well worn but perfect, is present on either side, with the 



1 This specimen is probably from Happisburgh, and has evidently been in tha 

 sea. 



VOL. II. M 



