E. (EUELEPIIAS) PKIMIGENIUS. 167 



of the left side, of the Mammoth, having the crown entire 

 and all the ridges present. It is composed distinctly of six- 

 teen principal ridges, besides a front and a back talon. The 

 five anterior ridges alone are affected by wear, the rest being 

 intact and perfect. The specimen yields all the distinctive 

 characters of a Mammoth's grinder — namely, a broad crown, 

 very high ridges separated by narrow interstices, and atte- 

 nuated plates of enamel free from crimping. The dimensions 

 of this specimen, which was yielded by the superficial deposits 

 of the valley of the Rhine, are : — 



Length, of crown, 8'0 in. "Width of crown, 3'0 in. Height of the eighth ridge, 

 7-25 in. 



From the last measurement it will be seen that the height of 

 the ridges, in the middle of the tooth even, is nearly equal to 

 that of the length of the crown. 



Another detached penultimate upper of the left side, in 

 the same collection, presents the crown equally perfect, and 

 composed of from sixteen to seventeen principal ridges, with 

 talons. It differs from the specimen just described in having 

 a proportionately broader crown, with the ridges less elevated ; 

 the dimensions being, with a nearly equal length of crown — 



Width, 3-25 in. Greatest height, 625 in. 



In the Museum at Taunton there are two very instructive 

 specimens from the Mendip caverns — the one being an upper 

 penultimate of Elephas antiquus, formerly in the collection of 

 the Rev. D. Williams, and reputed to have been procured 

 from Bleadon Cave; the other, a corresponding penultimate 

 upper of the right side of E. primigenius, of which the precise 

 cave locality has not been recorded. These molars are in 

 perfect preservation, and when put in apposition they show 

 well by contrast the distinctive characters of the two species. 

 That of the Mammoth has the crown composed distinctly of 

 sixteen principal ridges, besides the front and back talons ; 

 of these the eleven anterior ridges are worn, the rest being 

 intact ; the crown is very broad relatively to the length, and 

 the ridges are closely approximated, with narrow interstices; 

 the discs of wear form narrow transverse bands, with at- 

 tenuated unplaitecl enamel. 



The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 67 in. Width in front, 2 - 5 in. Width at the eighth ridge, 

 3'3 in. Height at the eleventh ridge, 5'7 in. 



The length of the crown in this specimen is considerably less 

 than in the first Darmstadt specimen above cited ; but the 

 difference is partly owing to the circumstance that it is in a 

 more advanced stage of wear, involving necessarily a reduction 

 in length. 



