E. (EUELEPHAS) PRIMIGENIUS. 171 



This specimen adheres strongly to the tongue, and is covered with 

 Ponte Molle volcanic gravel. 



In the same collection there is a fine specimen of the posterior three- 

 fourths of the crown of a last true molar, upper right, of E. primi- 

 genius, comprising the fifteen posterior plates and talon : the seven 

 last plates are intact, but the seven anterior are worn into transverse 

 discs with no expansion. There is very great grooving of the outer 

 surface of enamel, but no undulation. 



Extreme length, 10-2 in. Height at tenth plate, 5'8 in. 



It is from Monte Mario or Ponte Molle.] 



d. Lower True Molars. — Of the antepenultimate (fourth in 

 order of appearance) a very characteristic example is fur- 

 nished by the Hunterian specimen No. 622 (Cat. Foss. Mam. 

 Mus. Coll. of Surgeons, p. 155), consisting of part of the right 

 ramus of the lower jaw, with one molar in situ, in perfect 

 preservation. The crown is composed of thirteen principal 

 ridges, besides front and back talon, all more or less affected 

 by wear. The discs form transverse narrow and closely com- 

 pressed bands, surrounded by thin plates of uncrimped 

 enamel. The outline of the summit of the crown yields a 

 short broad parallelogram, the length being less than twice 

 the greatest width, while in the corresponding tooth of the 

 existing Indian species the ratio is generally about three to 

 one. The principal dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 5'1 in. Width of crown in front, 2-1 in. Greatest width of 

 crown, 2-6 in. 



The specimen is labelled as being from the Ohio, and when 

 applied to the maxillary fragment No. 620 in the same col- 

 lection, containing the upper antepenultimate (described 

 antea, p. 163), the crown-surfaces fit so exactly, and the two 

 specimens agree so closely in size, relative progress of wear, 

 and in general appearance, that it is highly probable that 

 they belonged to the same individual. They both present the 

 black surface which is so common in the Elephant and Mas- 

 todon remains from the Bone-licks of the Ohio. 



Another illustration of the same tooth is seen in the young 

 mandible (Coll. Brit. Mus.) represented in the ' Fauna An- 

 tiqua Sivalensis,' PL XIII. A. fig. 2, which contains the ante- 

 penultimate on both sides, well advanced in wear, but com- 

 plete, and the penultimate in germ behind. The crown of 

 the antepenultimate is composed of twelve principal ridges, 

 with talons, all of which, except the posterior talon, are 

 affected by wear ; it is broad relatively to the length, although 

 in a less degree than is seen in the previous specimens ; the 

 discs of wear form closely compressed transverse bands with 

 attenuated plates of enamel. It is deserving of remark that 



