172 BEITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



some of these plates differ from the ordinary type of the Mam- 

 moth in exhibiting a certain amount of irregular crimping, 

 but in no degree approaching that seen in the Indian Ele- 

 phant, the presence of this character being concurrent with 

 a less than the ordinary width of crown. 

 The dimensions of the tooth are : — 



Length of crown, 53 in. Width in front, 1'85 in. Greatest width, 23 in. 



In a specimen in the Museum at Turin the dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 5'2 in. Width in front, 1-9 in. Greatest width, 2-4 in. 



In the Museum of Taunton, so rich in remains from the 

 Mendip caves, there is a finely preserved detached antepenul- 

 timate lower molar from ' Wookey-hole,' found along with 

 teeth of the Siberian Rhinoceros, Cave Lion, and Hysena. 

 The crown, although worn to the extent of seven or eight 

 discs, is complete, and composed of twelve ridges, with front 

 and back talons ; it is broad and squat-looking, with all the 

 usual typical characters of the Mammoth, i.e. narrow trans- 

 verse discs with thin unplaited enamel. 



The dimensions of this specimen are : — 



Length of crown, 5-1 in. Width of crown in front, 23 in. Height at the eighth 

 ridge, 3 p 5 in. 



Cuvier has given a representation ' of a young lower jaw 

 discovered near Cologne. 2 



[In Kaup's Museum at Darmstadt there is a fine lower jaw, left 

 side, of E. primigenius, from the Rhine, containing the fourth tooth, or 

 first true molar, entire and very characteristic, but well worn. The 

 penultimate is seen in germ behind it. The first tooth shows twelve 

 main ridges, with a front and back heel. It is much broader than the 

 third milk molar : — 



Length of crown, 4-65 in. Width in front, 1-75 in. Width at middle, 2-15 in. 

 Width behind, at twelfth or last ridge, 1-75 in. 



As regards the penultimate lower molar of E. primigenius, there is, in 

 Miss Thomson's collection at Ilford, a specimen from left side, in the 

 finest state of preservation, comprising sixteen ridges, of which the 

 anterior eight are more or less worn ; the rest intact. This specimen 

 bears abundance of a very dark ferruginous matrix, but not the shelly 

 sandy matrix which characterizes the E. antiquus bed of Ilford. 



In Mr. Grantham's collection there are some fine detached large 

 specimens of molars of E. primigenius. Among others there is a lower 

 jaw, right side, containing the penultimate molar, with sixteen ridges, 

 or thereabout. It is a most remarkable specimen in having a pro- 

 longed symphysial beak, such as I have never seen before. 



In the Taunton Museum there is a mass of bones comprising a frag- 



1 ' Oss. Eossiles,' torn. i. pi. v. fig. 5. 



2 The remaining portion of the de- 

 scription of E. ■primigenius, to page 176, 



is compiled from extracts from Dr. F.'s 

 Note-books (see page 76, note). — [Ed.] 



