174 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



This is a most decisively marked specimen of E. primigenius, and is 

 either the last or the penultimate left — probably penultimate. The 

 talon is present in front, and the ten plates are all more or less worn ; 

 the first six plates are either transverse or in two discs, the outer of which 

 is the smaller ; the eighth has three discs ; the ninth, five discs. The 

 discs are a little flexuous, but transverse, without the least tendency to 

 expansion ; the enamel is thin, and entirely free from the least ten- 

 dency to crimping. The matrix is a yellowish -grey fine sand, showing 

 distinct grains of pyroxene ; the ivory is quite white, and adheres 

 strongly to the tongue. It is from Monte Sacro, near Ponte Nomentano. 

 Professor Ponzi has no doubt of its Roman origin. 



The following notes refer to specimens of the last true molar, lower 

 jaw, of Elephas primigenius : — 



In the Museum of the Geological Society there is a specimen of the 

 last true molar, lower jaw, right side, comprising about twenty-two 

 plates, from Walton, in Essex, presented by Henry Warburton, Esq. 

 The internal fracture is excessively fresh-looking, and the enamel does 

 not adhere to the tongue. 



Mr. Gunn's collection contains a noble specimen of E. primigenius, 

 dredged up at Margate. It consists of both rami of the lower jaw, the 

 horizontal rami perfect to the tip of the symphysis ; the ascending rami 

 are also present and nearly perfect, with a broad leaf; the condyles 

 only are gone. The specimen is especially perfect on the right side. 

 It contains on either side the last true molar well worn. I have hardly 

 seen anything like it in England, so perfect. It is remarkable also in 

 being coloured superficially with the reddish chocolate tinge that im- 

 mersion in the sea gives ; the anterior end is very high. It ought to 

 be figured. 



In Mr. W. H. Newsted's collection, Quarry House, Maidstone, is a 

 very fine specimen of a lower jaw, with both rami, of Elephas primi- 

 r/enius, containing on either side the last true molars quite perfect from 

 end to end, and in front of it the fang-pit on either side for almost 1^- 

 inch in antero-posterior diameter of the penultimate true molar, the 

 posterior part of which has dropped out. On the left side the hollow 

 alveolus is filled up with fine sandy matrix. The tooth on both sides 

 is composed of twenty-two ridge-plates, of which the sixteen anterior 

 are more or less affected by wear. The discs are very narrow, trans- 

 verse and parallel, after the usual plan of the E. primigenius pattern, and 

 the enamel macharrides as a general rule are straight, but here and there 

 is an occasional loop with a little flexuosity, yet nowhere any decided 

 crimping. 



Dimensions, left side : — 



Extreme length of crown, about 12'0 in. Length of summit of crown, occupied 

 by sixteen worn ridges, 7'0 in. Greatest width in front, 3*5 in. Greatest height 

 of plates, 5'1 in. 



Giving an average of 0'54 per plate. 



Memo. — The specimen has been broken in two in the line of the 

 symphysis, but the form is complete. This specimen deserves to be 

 figured. It is from the sandy gravel-pit near the church at Aylesford, 

 near Maidstone. 



In the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge there is a fine specimen 



