176 BEITISH AND EUKOPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



Elephant-bed under the Paston Hill, close to the large os innominatum 

 of E. meridionalis already referred to (p. 142). It is much smaller 

 than the corresponding bone of E. meridionalis. A comparison of the 

 two exhibits well the gigantic proportions of the latter. The right 

 ilium of E. primigenius, where fractured, seems to be highly infiltrated 

 with iron.] 



4. Elephas (Euelephas) a?itiquus. 1 



[The distinctive characters of the teeth of Elephas antiquus may be 

 expressed in the following terms : — 



1. Narrowness of the tooth in proportion to its length and height. 



2. Great height of the plates. The height is more than double the 

 width of the crown. 



3. Mesial rhomboidal expansion of the discs of wear. 



4. Great crimping of the enamel-plates. 



The dental formula 2 of E. antiquus is as follows : — 



Milk Molars. True Molars. 



3 + 6+10 10 + 12 + 16 



3 + 6+10 10 + 12+16 



a. Upper Milk Molars.— In the British Museum (Cat. No. 21,654) 

 there is a germ of a first milk molar, probably upper. It is a most 

 exquisite specimen, forming an unworn shell. The crown is composed 

 of three principal ridges, plus talons ; front talon only on one side. The 

 specimen is from Grays Thurrock, Essex, and was purchased from Mr. 

 Ball :— 



Length of crown, 09 in. Width in front, 0'5in. "Width behind, 072 in. 



In the York Natural History Museum, among the Kirkdale Cavern 

 remains, there is a superb specimen, with fangs, of the second milk molar, 

 upper left, of Eleph. antiquus, entire at both ends, but well worn. 

 The crown presents only six principal ridges, besides talons ; disc of 

 anterior talon partly confluent with first ridge. The first ridge has two 

 distinct discs ; the second, third, and fourth discs are very expanded 

 and highly crimped ; fifth ridge little worn — crimped ; in sixth ridge, 

 tips of the digitations are barely touched. Posterior talon immersed in 

 cement. The crown is very broad, but this is partially a distortion, from 

 an attempted restoration with a blue clay cement in front, where the 



1 The entire description of Elephas antiquus has been compiled from entries in 

 Dr. Falconer's Note-books. — [Ed.] 



2 Dental Formula of Proboscidea, extracted from Dr. Falconer s Kote-book for 

 August 25, 1862:— 



