E. (EUELEPHAS) ANTIQUUS. 181 



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Among some specimens belonging to Mr. Charlesworth, which I have 

 been permitted to examine, there is a fine upper molar, right side, of 

 E. antiquus, showing twelve ridges, of which nine are worn. The 

 discs of wear are less open and expanded than usual, but the enamel 

 is thick and crimped, of the E. antiquus pattern. The crown is narrow. 

 The specimen is reputed to be from Happisburgh ; but it has no 

 Lepralia patches. (See antea, page 134, note.) 



In the Museum at Chichester there is a beautiful specimen of first 

 true molar of left upper jaw, quite entire, showing twelve plates in all, 

 nine of which are worn. All the fangs are present. The enamel and 

 plates are most characteristic. From Brackelsham Bay, near Selsea. 



In the Museum at Rome there is a fine specimen of E. antiquus, from 

 Monte Verde. It is a skull of a youngish animal, which was found 

 nearly perfect, but is now partly mutilated. It contains on either side 

 three plates of the last milk molar, worn out ; the first true molar in 

 full use, and the second true molar behind — four plates of it being 

 shown. 



The first true molar is beautifully shown, the crown consisting on 

 left side of ten principal ridges, with front and back talons ; all the 

 plates well expanded and crimped ; nine of the plates more or less 

 worn. The palate is filled with a sandy conglomerate, with some black 

 grains of Pyroxene (volcanic). 



Length of first true molar, 5 - 5 in. Width of first true molar in front, 17 in. 

 Greatest width behind, l - 9in. Internal between molars in front, 2-4 in. Interval 

 behind, 3 - l in. Interval in front, outside, 5 - 5 in. Interval outside, behind, 6 - in. 



An imperfect specimen, from Southwold, of the first upper true 

 molar, right side, is figured in the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' Plate 

 XIV. A. figs; 4 and 4 a. The crown has nine plates, and the dimen- 

 sions are: — 



Length, 55 in. Width, 2'6 in. Extreme height, 6 - 5 in. 



In the Museum of the Geological Society (No. 10,G64) there is a 

 second or penultimate upper molar, right side, of E. antiquus, well 

 advanced in wear; the anterior part is broken off; the nine posterior 

 ridges are present, all more or less worn with the exception of the last. 

 This specimen is of a dark iron-shot colour, and highly infiltrated with 

 ferruginous matter ; it is extremely heavy, and bears all the marks of a 

 crag specimen ; locality, ' Southwold.' The enamel is thick, and the 

 worn discs exhibit the characters of the species in the most pronounced 

 manner. If the asserted locality be correct, this is the only known 

 species of Elephant molar found in the Red Crag. Specimens of E. 

 meridionalis have been found in the Norwich crag by Mr. Prestwich ; 

 and by Mr. Gunn, in the same crag where Mr. Layton found the Mas- ' 

 todon teeth, a molar of E. antiquus was found. It is of the utmost 

 importance to determine accurately the origin of this specimen. 



In Colonel Wood's collection from Minchin Hole there is a superbly 

 characteristic specimen of the penultimate upper right molar of E. 

 antiquus, showing fourteen plates and a posterior talon. The six 

 anterior plates are worn ; the worn part might almost pass for the exist- 

 ing Indian Elephant ; the tooth narrows very much backwards; the 

 crown is perfectly entire ; the lateral mass of cement is enormously 

 thick ; the discs not much expanded, but beautifully crimped. 



Extreme length of crown, 8 - 4 in. Width in front, 3* in. Height at 6th plate, 

 6-6 in. 



