182 BEITISH AND EUKOPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS 



In the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge there is a fine specimen 

 of the last upper molar, left side, of E. antiquus. It is quite perfect, 

 consisting of sixteen ridges, of which the anterior eleven are more or 

 less worn. The discs of wear are expanded and opened, with thick 

 boldly crimped enamel, and exhibit all the characteristic marks of the 

 species in the most typical way. The specimen is probably the most 

 perfect remain of a last true molar of the species in the kingdom, 

 but unluckily the locality has not been recorded. (Dimensions not 

 taken.) 



In the Rev. Mr. Gunn's collection there is a fine upper jaw of E. 

 antiquus, containing the last true molar in situ, complete on both sides, 

 and on the right side the pits of a narrow penultimate. There are 

 sixteen plates which are high, and the tooth has all the characters of E. 

 antiquus, and ought to be figured. The teeth converge in front. It was 

 dug out of the beach from the Elephant-bed near Ostend. 



Extreme length of molar, 9 - in. 



In the Museum of the Junior United Service Club a very fine and 

 characteristic specimen is preserved in a glass case of the last upper 

 molar of E. antiquus. The eleven anterior plates are worn ; the pos- 

 terior plates are unworn. The cement is cracked, but not crumbled as 

 if out of sand. 



In the Marticelli collection in the University Museum at Naples there 

 is a magnificent specimen from Fregellae, between Rome and Naples. 

 It is a superior molar, bearing label, ' Molare Elefantino trovato presso 

 Vantica citta di Fregellce? It is the last upper left molar, the thirteen 

 anterior plates remaining. Disc of pressure in front and bourrelet. 

 The four or five anterior plates are worn ; enamel thin and well- 

 crimped. Part of the tooth wanting behind ; is certainly of Eleph. 

 antiquus ; fangs wanting. 



Length of crown, 83 in. Height of 8th plate, lO'-tin. Width of 4th plate, 

 3-7 in. 



The Elephant's tooth above described is of enormous size ; and, in 

 the great height of the plates of the molar, surpasses anything that I 

 have seen elsewhere of El ephas antiquus. Specimens of the same tooth, 

 but fragmentary, I have also found in the University Museums of 

 Syracuse and Rome. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a of Plate XrV. A. of the • Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis ' 

 represent the last true molar, upper jaw, right side, with fourteen 

 plates and a hind talon well-crimped. The tooth, which is rather 

 imperfect in front, is from the Forest-bed, Norfolk, and is in the British 

 'Museum (No. 16,229). Figs. 5 and 5 a of Plate XII. D. show the 

 same tooth, with sixteen ridges and a small heel much worn. The 

 specimen is from Kent, and is in the Canterbury Museum, bearing the 

 label -|. Plate XIV. B. fig. 16, gives another illustration of the same 

 tooth, and has already been referred to (see page 138, and vol. i. 

 page 447). The crown is entire, and comprises from sixteen to seven- 

 teen ridges within an extent of 11 inches. 



d. Lower True Molars. — In the British Museum Palasontological 

 collection there is a specimen, which formerly belonged to the Earl of 

 Aylesbury, of a fragment of the lower jaw oiElephas antiquus, containing 



