E. (EUELEPHAS) ANTIQUUS. 183 



the first true molar on either side ; the crown is entire, and presents 

 twelve plates and a heel. The plates are worn and well crimped. 

 Length of right molar, 6'7 in. Width, 2-3 in. 



The same tooth is shown in Plate XIV. A. figs. 8 and 8 a, of the 

 ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.' The crown in this specimen has also 

 twelve plates. 



Length of tooth, 8'3 in. Width, 2'5 in. Height, 4-2 in. 



In the Museum of the Geological Society there is a portion of an 

 antepenultimate true molar, lower jaw, right side, comprising six ridges ; 

 said to be from Suffolk. 



In the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge there is a fragment of 

 right ramus of lower jaw of Elephas antiquus, comprising the sym- 

 physial beak, the right diasteme, and a part of the antepenultimate 

 true molar in situ. Six ridges of the tooth remain, showing the dis- 

 tinctive marks of the species in the most perfect way. The specimen 

 is black, polished and covered with Balani, showing that it has been 

 dredged up and probably derived from the Happisburgh oyster-bank. 

 The diastemal ridge in this case inclines very gradually forwards, con- 

 trasting in this respect in a very marked way with the character shown 

 in the Mammoth. 



Among the specimens found in Bacon's Hole, Gower, there is a 

 beautiful and characteristic specimen of a right lower antepenultimate 

 true molar of E. antiquus, with eleven plates, all worn. 



In the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, there is a quite 

 perfect specimen of the antepenultimate, or first true molar of E- 

 antiquus, from a cutting in the Great Northern Railway. It has twelve 

 plates and a heel. 



Lastly, Professor Ponzi's collection at Pome contains a beautiful first 

 true molar, lower jaw, right side, of E. antiquus. It is quite entire, 

 and in situ in the jaw. It shows distinctly all the ridges of the crown 

 worn. There are ten expanded plates, with talons. 



Length of crown, 5 - 7in. Width in front, To in. Width behind, 1-9 in. 

 It is from Tor di Quinto, a continuation of Ponte Molle. 



One of the most remarkable molars of E. antiquus I have seen was 

 dredged up at the West Kocks, Harwich, in 1852. It belongs to the 

 lower jaw, right side, and is probably the penultimate true molar. It 

 comprises twelve principal ridges, with a front and back talon. Only 

 eight of the anterior ridges are touched by wear. 



Extreme length of crown, 10-8 in. Width of crown in front at second ridge, 

 2-9 in. Width of crown at eighth ridge, 2-8 in. Width of crown at eleventh ridge, 

 28 in. Extreme height of crown at seventh ridge, 6 - 6 in. Height of crown at 

 eleventh ridge, 5'9 in. Height of crown at third ridge, between first and second 

 fangs, 5'3 in. 



In the Ipswich Museum there is a very fine specimen of a lower jaw 

 molar, probably the left penultimate of Elephas antiquus, showing 

 twelve plates, and a very insignificant talon of two points behind, the 

 anterior part of the tooth broken off; no fangs, but a good deal water- 

 worn below ; six of the anterior plates worn, five plates unworn. 

 The specimen is reddish, and has all the appearance of a Crag specimen. 

 Crown very narrow ; plates expanded in the middle ; enamel thick, 

 but not like E. meridionalis in either respect. Dredged up off 



