E. (eUELEPIIAS) ANTIQUES. 185 



Figs. 13 and 13 a show a last lower molar, left side. There are 

 fourteen plates remaining, but some in front are missing. This speci- 

 men is from the Via Appia, liome. It was formerly in the collection 

 of Cardinal Gualteri, and is now in the British Museum. (Plate IX. 

 %. 5.) 



A more perfect specimen is represented in Plate XIII. A. fig. 4, of the 

 ' Fauna Ant. Siv.' This drawing is taken from a very perfect lower 

 jaw in the Museum of the Geological Society, which contains a portion 

 of the penultimate and the last true molar on either side. The last 

 molar is composed of seventeen ridges ; the talon portion alone is 

 wanting. The nine anterior ridges are worn, the rest are intact. The 

 tooth is remarkably curved, being concave on its outer surface. The 

 specimen corresponds closely in character with a specimen from Ilford, 

 in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. The origin of the 

 specimen is unfortunately unknown. 



In the Museum at Saffron Walden there is a superb specimen of the 

 right side of a lower jaw of a fossil Elephant, probably E. antiquiis. It 

 contains the last molar nearly entire, with eighteen plates, all worn except 

 the three last. The tooth contracts behind, and is concave on the outer 

 side. The plane of wear is also concave. The plates present a loop in 

 the centre, with bold crimping, which diminishes towards the sides. 

 Some of the plates behind are probably wanting. The last plate in 

 height measures 4-7 inches; the eighth, 5 - 4 inches. 



In April 1859, I examined, in the Museo dell' Universita della 

 Sapienza at Pome, a superb specimen of the right and left rami, 

 detached, of the lower jaw of a fossil Elephant discovered in the 

 quaternary volcanic sands of Magliana, on the railway cutting to 

 Civita Vecchia. The fragments do not unite, the spout of the sym- 

 physis being wanting. The original fractured surface, covered with 

 matrix, is. seen on the left side ; on the right, part of the symphysial 

 portion remains, but a portion is seen below to have been broken off by 

 a recent fracture. Both branches comprise nearly the entire length of 

 the horizontal ramus and the greater extent of the ascending ramus, 

 along the posterior contour up to the neck of the condyle. The right 

 side is the more perfect, including a considerable portion of the 

 diastemal ridge in front of the molar, the whole of the ascending ramus 

 up to the neck of the condyle, and a considerable part of the coronoid 

 apophysis, near the base, the upper part of the lamina only being 

 broken off. The two rami are exactly alike in mineral condition, 

 being impregnated with a ferruginous or rusty impregnation like many 

 of the Sewalik specimens. The matrix, of which but a sparing quantity 

 remains, is a yellowish-grey fine sand, with specks of pyroxene, red, with 

 all the characters of the volcanic sand-deposits of the Valley of the Tiber. 



Each ramus contains one molar in situ, in the most beautiful state of 

 preservation, the crown surface well worn, and a thick layer of glossy 

 cement, with its surface as uninjured as in the living state. The 

 expansion of the discs and the flexures and undulation of the thick 

 enamel are shown in the most perfect manner, the cement being tinged 

 of a glossy-pale, rusty, or almond tint. 



Only one tooth is present on either side, and so exactly alike in size, 

 form, and wear, that no doubt can be entertained of their belonging to 

 the same animal. The molar (right side) presents eleven collines and 



