186 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



a posterior talon. The whole of the crown appears to be emerged, but 

 the posterior extremity behind the talon is but very slightly concealed 

 by matrix. The discs of the nine anterior ridges are transverse ; of the 

 two last and talon, the tips are only worn. The crown is comparatively 

 narrow in front (2*5 inches), but broader in the middle (3*3 inches). 

 The discs of wear in front are very broad, with angular expansion in 

 the middle resembling the African Elephant. The anterior plate of 

 enamel in the discs is somewhat concave, in the general direction, as in 

 the Grays Thurrock, E. priscus, and convex behind, with the angular ex- 

 pansion most distinctly pronounced there, indicating the six anterior discs. 



The angle at either side projects into a loop. The expansion of the 

 anterior discs is so great that the aggregate length of four amounts 

 to 4 inches, or 1 inch to each, as in the African Elephant. The 

 lateral horns of the discs are bent forwards, as in the Grays Thurrock 

 form of E. priscus. The enamel of the plates is very thick, and 

 strongly undulated. The digitations of the last emerged ridge 

 make four ring-discs and the talon plate three ; the digitations are few 

 in number and very thick. 



The jaw is high in front, at the commencement of diasteme, in rela- 

 tion to the height behind ; and the diasteme descends very vertically, as 

 in the African Elephant. 



This is one of the finest specimens of a fossil elephant lower jaw that I 

 have ever seen ; but I am greatly perplexed to determine with confi- 

 dence what it is. The tooth on the right side appears to be perfect, as 

 also on the left, and there is no indication of a tooth coming behind. 

 It does not seem as if any portion supported on the large anterior fang 

 had dropped off; it is a little high there, but I failed to make out the 

 disc of pressure. There is no appearance of another molar coming 

 behind. In this view it would be regarded as the last true molar of 

 E. priscus, but then the discs are like an exaggerated form of E. anti- 

 quus, and the number of the plates would correspond with the penul- 

 timate lower of that species. 



On the left side the tooth has eleven ridges, talon, &c, and exhibits very 

 considerable torsion of the plane of view. It slopes from inside out in 

 front, and then is twisted so as to slope from outside inwards. In 

 front a part of the tooth appears to have fallen off, as exhibited by the 

 contour in front, about 1 inch in advance of anterior disc. Upon 

 the diastema! ridge, near commencement, there is distinctly seen the 

 remains of another fang. It is very difficult to say whether the 

 crown extended as far as the fang, or whether the fang belonged to 

 a fallen-out tooth ; in the former case these plates must have fallen off, 

 making x 16 x . 



Extreme length of crown, left, 11 "4 in. ; right, 12 in. "Width of 1st disc outside 

 enamel, left, 2-4 in. Width of 2nd disc outside enamel, left, 2"7 in. Width of 

 2nd disc with cement, left, 2'9 in. Width of 5th disc outside enamel, left, 2 - 9 in. 

 Width of crown at 5th disc, with cement, left, 3-35 in. Length of 4 first discs out- 

 side expansion, left, 4' in. Length of space occupied by the 10 anterior discs in 

 middle of crown, left, 9" in. Length of jaw from post, border of ascending ramus to 

 anterior edge of molar, 21 ■ in. Height of jaw in front to edge of jaw, 8'6 in. Greatest 

 transverse diameter near coronoid, 6'6 in. 



7th May, 1859. — The final result at which I have arrived is, that the 

 tooth is the last of E. antiquus, and that a portion is gone in front, 

 which was supported on the large fang. 



