THEIR GEOLOGICAL AGE. 193 



every important respect, with large grinders of Euelephas 

 antiquus from Grays Thurrock, in the Valley of the Thames, 

 which are preserved in the Museum of Practical Geology in 

 Jermyn Street. In this case there is an unquestionable in- 

 stance of the occurrence of three fossil species of Probosci- 

 deans, in nearly contiguous points of the same Pliocene 

 stratum, and there is no ground to doubt that they were con- 

 temporaneous members of the same fauna. Near Florence, 

 in the same district of the Astesan, and in the same deposit, 

 tusks and molar teeth belonging to five or six individuals of 

 Tetralophodon Arvernensis, with jaws of Rhinoceros leptor- 

 hinus, 1 teeth of Hippopotamus and Tapir (?), were dug up mixed 

 with Helices, Paludinas, and Clausilias. Professor A. Sis- 

 monda, Dr. Bellardi, and Signor B. Gastaldi, all accomplished 

 geologists intimately acquainted with the country, assured 

 me that all these remains were yielded by the same Pliocene 

 alluvial strata. Teeth of another Proboscidean species, Tri- 

 lophodon Borsoni, at first taken for the Mastodon of the Ohio, 

 to which it is closely allied, were described by Borson from 

 the same Pliocene alluvium, in the hills near Yillanova, also 

 in the Astesan. I was enabled to examine the original speci- 

 men in the Museum at Turin. As stated in the previous part 

 of this communication (p. 14), the specific distinctness of this 

 form has been satisfactorily proved by the labours of Pomel 

 and other French palaeontologists, from teeth discovered in 

 the department of the Haute- Saone, and other localities in 

 France. Wherever it has been met with, the remains of this 

 species are exceedingly rare, and as yet they have only been 

 sparingly observed in Italy. 



In none of the Astesan localities, so far as I am aware, 

 have any well-determined remains of Loxodon priscus been dis- 

 covered up to the present time. But a very fine and conclu- 

 sive specimen of this rare species exists in the Natural History 

 Museum at Milan, which I had the opportunity of carefully 

 examining, through the obliging permission of Dr. Emilio 

 Cornalia (see p. 101). It consists of a nearly entire last molar, 

 lower jaw, left side, in a beautiful state of preservation, being 

 deficient only in the anterior talon, and a portion of the first 

 ridge, borne by the anterior fang. The crown shows twelve 



comparing them ■with my old notes (see. 

 antea, p. 187), I am struck with the dif- 

 ference of my present impressions in 

 respect to the predominance of E. anti- 

 q a us, and have therefore thought it best 

 to go over the whole of the specimens 



again for fresh investigation.' Dr. F., \ 249-50.) — [En.] 



Elcphas meridiunalis of the Val d'Arno, 

 &c. Two years later, in 1863 (in his 

 memoir on E. Columbi), he expressed the 

 opinion that many of the specimens in 

 the Turin Museum, and also at Rome, 

 belonged to E. Armeniaais. (See pp. 



however, was still convinced of the dis 

 tinctness of the specimens from the 



VOL. II. O 



1 Written in 1857. Subsequently R. 

 Etruscus, Falc— [Ed.] 



