194 BRITISH AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



plates, all more or less worn. The discs of wear have the broad 

 rhomboidal expansion in the middle, which is so character- 

 istic of the existing African Elephant, with thick enamel, 

 considerably grooved or crimped on the onter surface (that 

 which is in contact with the cement). The enamel-edges 

 project high above the cement, in some of the plates to the 

 extent of seven-tenths of an inch. The tooth measures twelve 

 inches in extreme length, including twelve plates within this 

 space, being an average of one inch to each plate. While 

 engaged on the examination of this specimen I had with me an 

 accurate drawing, of the natural size, of the Grays Thurrock 

 specimen of the same species, Loxodon prisons, figured in 

 the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' which enabled me to institute 

 a rigorous comparison, and I found that the two specimens 

 agreed in the closest manner, making allowance for their 

 different stages of wear. Taking into account the constancy 

 and significance of the rhomboid expansion in the African 

 Elephant, as a specific distinction, and the incompatibility 

 of the character above indicated with either Loxodon meri- 

 dionalis or Euelephas antiquus, together with its close agree- 

 ment with the Grays Thurrock specimens, no doubt remained 

 in my mind that the Milan specimen belonged to Loxodon 

 priscus. The mineral condition was equally conclusive of 

 its being an undotibted fossil. That molar was discovered 

 on Monte Serbaro, in the district of Romagnano, and valley 

 of the Pantena, near Verona. In this locality there is a 

 rich deposit of Mammalian bones, of the Sub-Apennine 

 period, which has been described by Forbes. Elephant re- 

 mains have been discovered in it in great abundance. Cuvier 

 has figured a lower jaw of very large dimensions, which, so far 

 as can be determined from an imperfect drawing, would appear 

 to belong to Loxodon meridionalis (Oss. Foss., torn, i., Plate 

 IX. fig. 8), but it may have belonged to Loxodon priscus. 

 Cuvier states that the Monte Serbaro Elephant remains, 

 which exist in the Paris Museum, indicate an animal at least 

 fifteen feet high. 



I have already noticed, in the earlier part of this paper, 

 the Elephant remains discovered by Cortesi on Monte Pul- 

 gnasco, near Piacenza (p. 113). The principal palate-speci- 

 men is very badly represented in Cortesi's figure ; but I ex- 

 amined it minutely, fresh after a visit to the Museum at 

 Florence, and I found all the characters agree exactly with 

 those of the Loxodon meridionalis of the Yal dArno. 



These various localities, in Piedmont and Lombardy, re- 

 present the same Pliocene alluvium of the Sub-Apennine 

 period. It would be expecting too much, and contrary to 

 what we find elsewhere in similar cases, to look for the occur- 





