THEIR GEOLOGICAL AGE. 201 



folk freshwater Clays. A superb specimen of the last upper 

 molar, left side, of this sj>ecies, from Grays Thurrock, show- 

 ing sixteen of the anterior plates (the back portion being 

 wanting), is deposited in the Museum of Practical Geology. 

 It presents, all the marked characters of the species. In 

 1846 I made an excursion along with the late Professor 

 Edward Forbes to Grays, with the express object of examin- 

 ing the Mammalian contents of the bed, and on that occasion 

 I saw other specimens of Euelephas antiquus, which had been 

 recently exhumed. ISTo remains referable to Loxodon meridi- 

 onalis from any of the fluviatile deposits of this age, in the 

 Valley of the Thames, have as yet come under my observation, 

 although it occurs in the Beauce at Chartres, along with the 

 same association of Mammals. A similar deposit occurs near 

 Brentford, the fossil remains of which were first brought to 

 notice by Mr. William Kirby Trimmer, in a paper in the Philo- 

 sophical Transactions for 1813. Excellent figures, by Basire, 

 are given of two fossil Elephant grinders, the one of the upper 

 and the other of the lower jaw, which Mr. Trimmer refers 

 respectively to the Indian and African Elephants. They are 

 certainly not of the Mammoth, and appear to me to belong 

 to Euelephas antiquus. There is an old specimen in the 

 Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, No. 570 of the 

 Catalogue, presented by Sir Joseph Banks, from Brentford, 

 which belongs to the same species. The same collection 

 contains other remains of this species, from Walton in Essex, 

 I presented by Sir William Blizard, and from Ilford, by Mr. John 

 Gibson, besides specimens of which the localities are unre- 

 corded. 



The larger Mammalia associated with the Elephants in 

 Grays Thurrock are Rhinoceros leptorhinus, Hippopotamus 

 major, Horse, Cervus, Bovine Ruminants, and Ursus ; at 

 Brentford, Rhinoceros leptorhinus, Hippopotamus major, Ox, 

 and Deer. Mr. Morris, in a later paper, describes a section 

 near Brentford yielded by a railway cutting 100 yards north 

 of Kew Bridge. Eight layers or strata, more or less distinct, 

 are exposed, the five inferior containing Mammalian remains, 

 of which Mr. Morris gives the following enumeration : 



1. Elephas primigenius. 5. Bos longifrons. 



2. Rhinoceros tichorhinus. 6. Cervus Tarandus. 



3. Hippopotamus major. 7. Cervus Elaphus. 



4. Bison priscus. 8. Pelis spelaea. 



I consider the association here indicated, assuming that 

 the identifications are exact, to be in the highest degree im- 

 probable, as of animals that were coexistent at the same 



