2-24 ELEPHAS COLUMBI. 



fine preservation, the anterior part having been lost by a 

 vertical fracture. Fifteen ridges are presented together with 

 a talon ridge. Of these, thirteen are more or less worn, the 

 seven anterior into continuous transverse discs, which, mea- 

 sured along the surface of the crown, occupy a length of 4 # 6 

 inches. The two next (8th and 9th) are divided towards 

 the outer side by a wide fissure into two unequal flattened 

 elliptical discs; the 10th yields three discs ; the 11th, four; 

 and the 12th, five thick annular depressions. The rest are 

 nearly intact, and present from four to five very thick digi- 

 tations. The enamel-plates of the seven anterior bands 

 present irregular secondary wavy curves, but they are free, 

 or nearly so, from crirnping. In this respect, and. in being 

 perceptibly thinner, they differ considerably from the other 

 Texan lower molar, No. 33,218 above described. Regarded 

 sidewise, the ridges look very thick and massive, and they 

 are retrofracted about half way up, by an abrupt flexure, 

 somewhat like the Porentrui molar figured by De Blainville 

 (Elephants, p. 199, PI. X. fig. 5a). 

 The principal dimensions are : — 



Length of space occupied by thirteen worn ridges, 8'5 in. Ditto by seven an- 

 terior ditto, 4-6 in. Width of crown in front, 3'4in. Ditto in middle, 4 - 6 in. 

 Ditto greatest, 4.8 in. Greatest height of crown, 7'2 in. 



The dimensions above yield an average of about *7 inch to 

 the seven anterior discs, and '65 to the series of thirteen, 

 being considerably less than in No. 33,218. The latter, also, 

 in the thickness and undulation of the enamel-plates, re- 

 sembles more the existing Indian Elephant. Although 

 crimping is absent from the fossil under description, the 

 great thickness of the ridges and the limited number and 

 massiveness of the digitations remove it from E. primigeniws, 

 in which the digitations are slender and double the number. 

 The width of the crown is enormous, being nearly 5 inches, 

 agreeing in this respect with the Alabama molar to be 

 noticed in the sequel. Although with some doubt, I refer 

 the specimen to E. Columbi. It is well fossilized and adheres 

 strongly to the tongue. 



Another specimen, of the same series (No. 20,702?), is a 

 fragment comprising the posterior two-thirds of a left lower 

 penultimate (m. 2), and including eleven ridges, the talon 

 being wanting. Of these the anterior six are partly worn, 

 but none of them into transverse discs ; the first three are in 

 three divisions, each forming a flattened ellipse ; the enamel 

 is thick, but does not show any considerable amount of 

 crimping. The ridge-plates are nearly vertical, and the 

 intact digitations of the hinder ones are thick. The crown 

 is well coated with cement. 



