250 ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS. 



resemble most E. Armeniacus and E. Tadicus. The space 

 occupied by the twelve discs of wear, measured along tlie 

 summit of the crown, is 7 inches, yielding an average of 

 about *6 inch to each, which comes very near that indicated 

 above in the E. Armeniacus of Khanoos, i.e. *57. 

 The principal dimensions are : — 



Length of crown (not quite entire), 13'75 in. Extreme width of crown, 4 - 5 in. 

 Height of crown at 12th ridge, 8' in. Space occupied by the 12 discs of wear, 7' in. 



I have detailed notes of numerous other molars, exhumed 

 on the same occasion, from the same locality, St. Paolo, or 

 near it, 'Nizza della Paglia,' which yield similar characters. 

 My first notes were taken in Julyj 1856, and in April, 1861, I 

 re-examined the materials, the interval having afforded me 

 ample opportunities of examining the molars of fossil Ele- 

 phants over the European area. With the reserve sug- 

 gested by the fact, that I have not been able to confront the 

 originals, or good drawings of them, I have been led to 

 identify the 'Khanoos' and St. Paolo molars as being of the 

 same species, E. Armeniacus, and to consider that they are 

 not referable either to E. primigenius or E. antiquus 1 . The 

 same remark applies to specimens which I examined along 

 with Prof. Meneghini in the Museum at Pisa ; to a specimen 

 of which I saw a cast in the possession of Marchese C. 

 Strozzi, the original procured from the Val di Mugello, an 

 affluent of the Sieve ; and to specimens in the possession of 

 Professor Ponzi and Signor Ceselli, from the volcanic gravels 

 around Rome. I may further add, that I failed to distin- 

 guish from the existing Indian Elephant the last milk molar, 

 from the Grotta of San Teodoro, in the lower jaw figured by 

 my friend Baron Anca ; 2 and that I discovered in the Grotta 

 of Maccagnone a last upper milk molar, presenting similar 

 characters ; neither is reconcilable with E. primigenius or 

 with E. antiquus. I dwell upon these facts in the hope that 

 the attention of Italian palaeontologists may be attracted to 

 the subject, and that they may follow up the investigation. 

 We now possess, through the accurate researches of M. 

 Lartet, conclusive evidence that the existing African Ele- 

 phant formerly extended its range to Southern Europe ; and 

 it would hardly be more unexpected to find that the Indian 

 Elephant, or a form closely allied to it, had ranged into Asia 

 Minor and Italy. 



1 See antea, pages 187 and 192, note. — [Ed.] 



2 Bullet. Societ. Geol. de France, 2e Ser. torn. xvii. p. 684, PI. xi. figs 8 and 8 a. 



