RHINOCEROS. 



309 



V. ON THE EUEOPEAN PLIOCENE AND POST- 

 PLIOCENE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EHI- 

 NOCEROS. 1 



After examining all the collections in England and Italy 

 and those of Lyons, Montpellier, &c, I have come to the con- 

 clusion that there were four distinct Pliocene and Post-Plio- 

 cene species of Rhinoceros, three of which have long been 

 confounded by Cuvier and other palaeontologists under the 

 name of Rhinoceros leptorhinus. I have carefully examined 

 at Stuttgart the materials on which Kaup's and Jager's Rhi- 

 noceros Merckii is founded. It is not a distinct species, but 

 is identical with the Grays Thurrock species, or Rhinoceros 

 leptorhinus (mihi). The R. Lunellensis of Gervais is founded on 

 a young jaw with milk-dentition, which is not to be depended 

 on for determining distinctions. So, also, the Rhinoceros 

 elatus of Croizet, and the R. mesotropus of Aymard, found in 

 Auvergne, are not distinct species. I have examined the 

 chief collections in Auvergne. The specimens in M. Pichot's 

 collection and in the Museum of Le Puy are mainly R. 

 Etruscus, while the R. mesotropus of Aymard comprises both 

 R. leptorhinus and R. antiquitatis. The four species may be 

 classified as follows : — 

 Pliocene. 



I. No bony nasal septum. 



1. Ehinoceros leptorhinus (Cuv. pro parte). 



Syn. E. megarhinus of Christol. 



II. Partial bony septum. 



2. Ehinoceros Etruscus (Falc.). 



Syn. E. leptorhinus (Cuv. pro parte) . 



3. Ehinoceros hemitcechus (Falc). 



Syn. E. leptorhinus (Owen pro parte). 

 Post-Pliocene. 



III. Complete bony sephim. 



4. Ehinoceros antiquitatis (Blumb.). 



Syn. E. tichorinus (Fischer and Cuvier). 



1 The introductory remarks hare been 

 compiled by me from two letters, ad- 

 dressed by Dr. Falconer in 1 862 to Mons. 

 Lartet, of Paris, and Col. Wood, of Stout- 

 hall, Swansea, and from his note-books. 

 The important essay on Rhin. hcmi/cechus 

 was written in 1859, but is now for the 



first time published. The notes on Shin, 

 leptorhinus, including the lengthened 

 description of the Cortesi cranium at 

 Milan, on Rhin. Etruscus and on Rhin. 

 antiquitatis, are extracted from the 

 author's note-books. — [Ed.] 



