RHINOCEROS HEMIT(ECHUS. 319 



leptorhinus, as established by Cuvier, was a sound species ; 

 and that Cortesi's cranium was entirely devoid of a bony 

 septum, according to the positive evidence of Dr. Cornalia. 

 To this Rldn. leptorhinus be refers the Ellin, megarhinus of 

 Christol, and the Eliin. Monspessulanus of Marcel de Serres. 

 He regards the Clacton cranium, described by Professor 

 Owen, as wholly distinct from Bhin. leptorhinus, and, although 

 still different, as being more closely allied to Eliin. tichor- 

 hinus. He proposes for it provisionally the specific desig- 

 nation of Eliin. protichorhinus, as an independent form. Not 

 the least remarkable result of Duvernoy's inquiries was, that 

 he identified, as certainly belonging to Bhin. tichorhinus, the 

 representations figs. 8 and 9, PL IX. of the ' Ossemens Fos- 

 siles,' which Cuvier adduced as typical illustrations of the 

 lower jaw of Bhin. leptorhinus, from specimens found in the 

 Val d'Arno ; and upon which Professor Owen mainly relied, 

 in identifying the lower jaw from Clacton with the latter 

 species ! A more signal illustration could not be adduced of 

 the diametrically opposite conclusions which may be drawn 

 by different palaeontologists from the same evidence, when 

 presented in the form of imperfectly executed figures. 



Lastly, Brandt, in his very complete and valuable mono- 

 graph of the Rhinoceros of Siberia, published in 1849, reviews 

 the figures and description of the Clacton skull given by 

 Professor Owen, and expresses the opinion that it does not 

 belong to Bhin. leptorhinus, but to an individual of Bhin. 

 tichorhinus, in which the septum was not completely ossified. 

 He gives a representation of a Siberian instance of this 

 nature, corroborating the cases previously cited by Pallas 

 and Collini. 



In order to show at a glance the range and fluctuation of 

 opinion on this pakeontological question, it may be useful to 

 summarize them in a few words : — 



1. 1812. Rhinoceros tichorhinus, established by Cuvier as character- 



ized by its bony nasal septum. 



2. 1819. The ' Rhinoceros of Montpellier' {Rhin. Monspessulanus, De 



Blainv.), proposed by Marcel de Serres as a distinct form ; 

 identified by Cuvier (1822) with Rhinoc. tichorhinus ; 

 tacitly abandoned by De Serres. 



3. 1822. Rhinoceros leptorhinus, proposed by Cuvier upon Italian 



specimens as destitute of a bony septum. 



4. 1828. Rhinoceros elatus, of the Velay, proposed by Croizet and 



Jobert. 



5. 1834. The absence of a bony nasal septum in Cuvier's Rhinoc. lep- 



torhinus, denied by De Christol ; the name regarded as 

 a synonym, merely, of Rhinoc. tichorhinus. 



6. 1834. The ' Rhinoceros of Montpellier,' reproduced by De Christol 



under the name of Rhinoc. megarhinus, as identical with 



