RHINOCEROS ETRUSCUS. 361 



as in the Clactoa form, described in the ' British Fossil Mammalia,' 

 under the designation of Rhinoceros leptorhinus, from which, however, 

 it is essentially distinct in every detail throughout the construction of 

 the skeleton. 



The true Rhinoceros leptorhinus of Cuvier, founded upon the Cortesi 

 cranium, had no ossified nasal septum, and is distinct alike from the 

 species here called Rhinoceros Etruscus, and from the fossil Rhinoceros 

 of Clacton. I have ascertained that the character of an ossified nasal 

 septum was common to three European fossil species of Rhinoceros, 

 of the Pliocene and newer Pliocene periods ; and that there is only 

 one known species of this category in which it was wanting. The 

 characters of these species, and their distribution over the European 

 area, will be described in detail in a separate essay. — H. F., Oct. 1859. 



[The above description appeared as an appendix to a paper by Professor Ansted 

 in the 'Quarterly Journ. Geol. Soc.,' for Feb. 1860. The maxilla with portions 

 of vertebrae were found a few miles from Malaga in white marl, overlying 

 Pliocene blue clay, abounding with shells. The following details of a comparison 

 of the specimen with others in the British Museum is extracted from Dr. Fal- 

 coner's Note-books. — Ed.] 



British Museum, l&th August, 1859. 



Brought with me to-day Ansted's specimen from Malaga, and com- 

 pared it again with: — 1. Kaup's Acerath. incisiv., a cast of the old 

 palate figured in the ' Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt ; ' 2. Kaup's cast of 

 entire cranium of ditto ; 3. De Blainville's Rhinoc. incisiv. of Auvei-gne, 

 cast figured in ' Osteogr.,' PI. XII. ; 4. Lartet's Rhinoc. Simorrensis ; 

 5. Duvernoy's Rhin. pleuroceros, cast; and 6. Lartet's Rhinoc. bra- 

 chypus, Acerath. Goldfussi — all Aceratheria. 



Observed the following constant characters : — 1. In Acerath. Gold- 

 fussi, the last molars even have a basal bourrelet all round, most 

 strongly marked in the penultimate. 



2. In all the Aceratheria, the base of the crown outside presents 

 an angular bulge, a rudiment of what is seen in Palccotherium. This 

 is very strongly marked in a beautiful specimen of Lartet's Rhin. 

 Simoirensis, a skull with the palate and teeth on both sides (7 on left, 

 only 6 on right) ; it is also very strongly marked in Lartet's Acerath. 

 brachypus, the British Museum specimen of which is made up of teeth 

 of different individuals. It is also well marked in the cast of Duver- 

 noy's Rhinoc. incisivus of Auvergne, and very marked in the penul- 

 timate of Kaup's old palate specimen and in the skull cast. 



3. The anterior outer vertical angle and groove are very boldly 

 defined in all the Aceratheria, and the angular projection is very broad ; 

 but from that forwards the surface is nearly smooth, and without the 

 undulated swelling seen in Rh. megarhinus and the Rh. tichorhinus, &c. 



4. In Lartet's Rhin. Simorrensis, which is of an adult with all the 

 teeth worn except the last, and is in the best stage of wear, besides 

 the projection of the crochet from the back barrel, there is a constriction 

 of the anterior barrel, which when worn forms a well-marked emargi- 

 nation, so that a lobe of the anterior barrel projects into the valley like 

 a kind of anterior crochet; but overlapped by the true crochet, i.e. 

 nearer the inside. The same thing is observed in the penultimate and 

 antepenultimate of Kaup's cranium of Aceratherium, in his old palate 

 specimen figured in the ' Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt,' and in De Blain- 

 ville's Ehinoceros of Auvergne — i.e. in the last premolar and penid- 



