

RHINOCEROS LEPTOEHINUS. 391 



phas antiquus. There is a large collection of Elephant bones in another 

 compartment, some of them exhibiting enormous dimensions. 



Memo. — Cornalia has shown me the posterior fragment of an Ele- 

 phant's molar, found in the deposit above the lignite of Leffe (Gandino). 

 It consists of the last three ridges of the last true molar, lower jaw, right, 

 together wilh the talon, of undoubted Elephas meridionalis. The ridges 

 are worn, but the talon intact. It is a characteristic example of E. 

 meridionalis, with very thick enamel, and thick cylindrical digitations. 

 It is nowise tinted black, and is stated to have been found above the 

 lignite. Another fragment of molar, found at the same place, appeared 

 to me to be of Elephas antiquus ; it was in the same white untinted 

 condition. Besides these, from the lignite of Leffe itself, Cornalia pro- 

 cured a worn-out fragment of a large lower molar of an Elephant. It 

 is difficult to say what the species is, the enamel-plates being too thick 

 for E. primigenius, and too thin for E. meridionalis. It is probably 

 either of E. antiquus or E. Armeniacus ; the discs show very little un- 

 dulation of the enamel-plates, but the crown is especially remarkable in 

 having the discs separated by a longitudinal fissure (filled up with 

 cement) like the singular Elephant's molar from Durdham Down, 

 which I observed in the Museum at Bristol. Besides these, some 

 lower teeth of Rhinoceros were found in the lignite ; one of these is an 

 entire penultimate true molar, slightly worn, and of the right side, 

 exactly resembling in every respect the corresponding tooth in Cortesi's 

 lower jaw. It is free from cement, and from the surface rugosity, 

 observable upon the enamel of Rhinoceros tichorhinus and Rhinoceros 

 hemitachus. It is certainly not of R. tichorhinus, and I believe it to 

 belong, like the Cortesi cranium, to Rhin. leptorhinus. Cornalia has also 

 procured molar teeth and fragments of antlers of small Deer, and some 

 molars with a long intercolumnar pillar and prismatic form, which I 

 regard as being of a small species of Bos. Lately he has acquired from 

 the same lignite deposit some molar teeth and casts of incisors, which 

 he finds it impossible to distinguish, whether by size or pattern of 

 crown, from the existing Beaver, Castor Europrnts. They are not of 

 Trogontheriwm. 



The Abbate Stoppani regards the deposit as being a late quaternary, 

 Gandino being a spot below the horizon, to which the moraines of the 

 southern glaciers of the Alps in Lombardy extended. On the other 

 hand, the vertebrate remains, exclusive of the Beaver, appear to me to 

 indicate a Pliocene age. A fragment of a Mastodon's molar, tinted 

 black, is supposed to have come from the same deposit ; but there is no 

 certain record of its origin, and it cannot be relied upon. Nuts of a 

 walnut of a very elongated form are very abundant in the same lignite ; 

 and one of them was got along with the Elephant's tooth. The species 

 has been named Juglans Berchenensis ? or some such name, by Balsamo 

 Crivelli. The occurrence of the Beaver's teeth in this case is very 

 remarkable, and singularly so, should it really prove to be the existing 

 species. 



Dimensions of the Cortesi Bhinoceros Skull. — 1. Extreme length of skull from 

 broken summit of occipital crest to point of the nasal bones, 28'25 in. 2. Extreme 

 ditto from the posterior plane of occipital condyles to broken edge (anterior) of 

 left diasteme, 27'25 in. 3. Extreme ditto from ditto, ditto, to anterior edge of 

 alveolus of first premolar (left side), about 25 - in. 4. Extreme length from anterior 

 margin first premolar to posterior edge of last true molar, left side (last molar 

 included in alveolus), 13- in. 5. Length of last three molars, left side, 67 in. 6. 



