506 OSSIFEROUS CAVES OF GOWEE. 



and they bore no appearance of having been rolled or trans- 

 ported from a distance. 



Rhinoceros Remains. — These were found- in abundance in 

 ' Bacon Hole,' and in still greater quantity in ' Minchin Hole,' 

 situated a little further to the westward. Every tooth and 

 bone which admitted of identification was found to belong 

 to R. hemitoechus, so named from the presence of a partial 

 bony septum between the nostrils, but differing in a very 

 pronounced manner from R. tichorhinus, by the configuration 

 of the cranium, by the form and characters of the upper 

 molar teeth, by the absence of an edentulous beak-shaped 

 prolongation of the symphysis of the lower jaw, in advance 

 of the anterior molars, and in the form and proportions of 

 the bones, generally throughout the skeleton. It differs 

 equally from the original type of the R. leptorhinus of Cuvier, 

 founded upon Cortesi's cranium found near Piacenza, which 

 had no bony septum ; and from R. Etruscus of the ' Sabbione ' 

 and ' Sansino ' deposits of the Yal d'Arno, which species, 

 however, had likewise a bony nasal septum, but is distin- 

 guished at once from R. tichorhinus and R. hemitoechus by its 

 smaller size, light form, and comparatively slight limbs, be- 

 sides special characters in the shape of the skull and teeth. 

 The R. hemitoechus of the Gower caves is identical with the 

 Clacton form, the skull of which has been described by Pro- 

 fessor Owen in the ' British Fossil Mammalia,' under the 

 specific designation of R. lejrforhinus of Cuvier ; but I have 

 been led to the conclusion that it is wholly distinct from the 

 true type of the latter species. 



The following remains, referable to R. hemitoechus, were 

 found in ' Bacon Hole' : — Three adult rami of the lower jaw, 

 comprising the entire series of molar teeth in fine preserva- 

 tion ; two of the rami belonging to one individual. Six de- 

 tached molars of the upper jaw, three of which are of the right 

 side and consecutive teeth, probably of the same individual. 

 Of the others, two are of the left side, and one of them at 

 least indicates an individual of a different age. A fragment 

 comprising the lower half of the shaft of the right humerus, 

 the outer condyle wanting. A radius presenting the superior 

 half of the bone, with the articular surface. The corresponding 

 ulna, mutilated, of the olecranon. Two metacarpal or me- 

 tatarsal bones. Two cervical vertebrae, in fine preservation. 

 One lumbar vertebra. A right half of the pelvis. 



The marine sand at the bottom of ' Bacon Hole ' was analo- 

 gous to the thin bed on the rocky floor of the Grotta di San 

 Ciro, near Palermo, but contained fewer species of Mollusca. 

 Here the resemblance ceases. In San Ciro, an enormous thick- 

 ness of breccia, also of marine origin, and crammed with 



