536 OSSIFEROUS CAVES OF GOWER. 



Etruscus, which occur in, and are characteristic of, the ' Sub- 

 marine Forest-bed,' that immediately underlies the Boulder- 

 clay, have nowhere been met with in the bone caverns of 

 Britain. 



4. That Elephas antiquus with Rhinoceros hemitcechus, and 

 E. primigenius with jR. tichorhinus, though respectively 

 characteristic of the earlier and later portions of one period, 

 were probably contemporary animals, and each of them were 

 certainly companions of the Cave Bear, Cave Lions, and Cave 

 Hyainas, &c, and of some at least of the existing Mammalia. 



APPENDIX TO MEMOIR ON THE CAVES OF GOWER. 



I. — Letter from Mr. Prestwich on the Boulders and Gravels op 

 the Gower Cave District, and on a Raised Beach to the 

 West op Gower. 



10 Kent Terrace, May 17, 1860. 



My dear Falconer, — I have much pleasure in giving you a few 

 lines respecting the raised beach I met with last autumn, to the west- 

 ward of Paviland Cave in Gower. I find my notes on the subject are 

 not very complete, having taken only a first survey, reserving a fuller 

 examination of the coast until I could obtain access to the caves. You 

 will remember how I was baffled on the last occasion by the state of 

 the tide and the weather. Finding it quite impossible to pass round 

 the foot of the cliff to gain the entrance to Paviland Cave, I proceeded 

 westward along that iron-bound and magnificent frontage of limestone 

 cliffs, ending in Worm's Head, with the intention of examining them at 

 the accessible points, to see whether I could detect any facts bearing 

 upon your very important observations on ' Bosco's Den,' relating to 

 the connection of marine remains under, and in association with, the 

 wonderful mass of bone debris you and Colonel Wood had discovered 

 there. At the distance of about half a mile west of Paviland Cave I 

 found a gully, by which I got down to the shore. I then found in 

 hollows in the cliff, and at an elevation of 10 to 12 feet above the 

 beach, a layer of sand and rolled limestone pebbles, having all the cha- 

 racters of a beach ; but in the absence of shells, and looking at its 

 small patchy character, no conclusion could be drawn from it alone. 

 The passage at the foot of the cliffs being still impracticable, I had to 

 confine myself for the next mile or two to one or two descents, where 

 I again found traces of what appeared to be a raised beach. Still I 

 was not prepared for the very fine and remarkable exhibition I 

 witnessed, after passing Mewslade, at the bottom of the small bay 

 formed by Thurba Rock and Tears Point, about one mile south of Rhos 

 Sib. There, perched upon the escarped edges of the grey, weathered 

 limestone, is an old beach, raised some 10 to 12 feet above high tide 

 mark. It is composed of pebbles and fragments of limestones, thinly 

 mixed with a coarse red sand, and in places full of shells and fragments 

 of shells. There are very few species ; the Patella vulgata is common ; 



