CONTENTS. xvii 



CHAPTEE XXI. 



CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS OF POSTGLACIAL 

 AND RECENT PERIODS SUMMARY. 



Genial conditions in Southern Scandinavia — Mediterranean molluscs in 

 Northern Seas — Southern forms in Gulf of St. Lawrence — Condi- 

 tion of Northern Sea in latest glacial epoch — Immigration of South- 

 ern species in postglacial times — Migration of arctic flora in late 

 glacial and early postglacial times — Edward Forbes on origin of 

 British fauna and flora — Contrasts between Britain and Ireland — 

 Large postglacial lake occupying bed of Irish Sea — Ireland derived 

 its fauna and flora partly by way of Scotland — Genial climatic con- 

 ditions — Former greater range of forests — Trees in peat of Fseroe 

 Islands and Norway — Peat with pine on shores of Wellington Chan- 

 nel — Origin of floras of Fseroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland — 

 Former connection of those regions with Europe in postglacial times 

 — Traces of former genial conditions in Kurland — Gradual disap- 

 pearance of genial climate and submergence of land in north and 

 north-west — Formation of 50-feet beach of Scotland — Local glaciers 

 and swollen rivers — Cold and humid conditions, and increase of peat- 

 bogs — Betreat of sea and amelioration of climate — Second great 

 forest-growth — Second peat-forming period — The Present — Southern 

 Europe in postglacial times — Date of advent of later Prehistoric races. 



Pages 499-538 



CHAPTEE XXII. 



CONCLUSION. 



Besurue of results — Identity of Pleistocene or Quaternary Period with 

 Preglacial and Glacial times — Alternations of cold and genial climates 

 in Pleistocene Period — Testimony of fauna and flora — Palaeolithic 

 man lived through the Pleistocene Period — Testimony of the Pleis- 

 tocene river-deposits as to climatic conditions — Evidence supplied by 

 cave-accumulations — Glacial and Interglacial accumulations contem- 

 poraneous with river-gravels, etc., and cave-deposits — Distribution of 

 ossiferous and Palaeolithic river-deposits — Last cold epoch of Glacial 

 Period closes the record of Pleistocene times — Palaeolithic imple- 

 ments in Interglacial deposits at Brandon ; in Pliocene or early 

 Pleistocene beds of St. Prest — Pliocene and Miocene man — What 



