CONTENTS. xiii 



Danube, etc., of Central Europe — Origin of the Tchernozem or 

 "black-earth" of Southern Russia — Objections to Baron Richthofen's 

 loss-theory — Summary of conditions during Glacial Period. 



Pases 207-251 



■'o'- 



CHAPTEK XII. 



INTERGLACIAL EPOCHS. 



Earliest recognition of interglacial deposits — Interglacial beds of Scotland 

 — Sections at Hailes Quarry near Edinburgh — Alternating arctic 

 and genial climatic conditions — Succession of glacial and interglacial 

 deposits in England — Palaeolithic implements in interglacial deposits 

 at Brandon, Suffolk — Changes of .climate during Glacial Period in 

 British area — Glacial deposits of Scandinavia — Ancient strandlinier 

 or horizontal rock-terraces of Norway — Theories of their origin — 

 Their possible interglacial age — Interglacial deposits of Northern 

 Germany — Section at Rixdorf on the Spree — Section at Domitz on 

 the Elbe — Interglacial beds at Tempelhof — Boring near the Schwie- 

 low-See — Traces of interglacial submergence — Glacial and interglacial 

 deposits of Saxony ; of Holstein and Denmark — Sand, gravel, and 

 superficial erratics of Northern Europe — Dr. Penck's views of climatic 

 and geographical changes — Preservation of beds under till or boulder- 

 clay ....... 252-296 



CHAPTEK XIII. 



INTERGLACIAL epochs — Continued. 



Interglacial deposits of Switzerland — Interglacial river-terraces at Camis- 

 chollas — Glacial and interglacial deposits near Thoron ; at Durnten 

 and Utznach ; at the Bois de la Batie — Interglacial beds of Northern 

 Italy — Ancient glacier of the Lago d'Iseo — Lacustrine deposits of 

 the Val Borlezza — Deposits in the basin of Gandino — Lignites of 

 Leffe — Interglacial age of the lacustrine deposits of Val Borlezza and 

 Val Gandino — Lacustrine deposits in Val Adrara and Val Forestro 

 —Deposits in the Upper Val d'Arno — Interglacial deposits of Cen- 

 tral France — Pumiceous conglomerate and associated deposits at Per- 

 rier, near Issoire — Glacial and interglacial deposits in the valleys of 

 the Ain and the Rhone — Successive glacial epochs in the Vosges 

 mountains — Two glacial epochs in the Pyrenees — Interglacial 

 deposits at Gibraltar — Probable interglacial age of similar deposits 

 in Malta . . 297-330 



