56 PREHISTORIC EUROPE. 



evidence of a more equable and humid climate than the present, 

 which allowed certain trees, now banished to the uplands, to 

 nourish in the low grounds, but they nowhere contain an arctic 

 flora. Nevertheless, we are not without botanical testimony in 

 favour of a colder climate having obtained in Italy in Pleistocene 

 times, for trunks of the Siberian or Cembran pine (Pinus cembra) 

 occur in the old peat-bogs of Ivrea. The same species has been 

 found also in certain deposits near Mur in Styria. Again, the 

 Scots fir (Pinus sylvestris) occurs in peat, beside Lake Varese, 

 and in travertine in the Abruzzi, but nowadays it is well nigh 

 restricted to dry localities in the Alps, that range from 300 to 

 2000 metres of elevation. 1 But the testimony of the plants is 

 supplemented by that of the mollusca, and the whole evidence 

 leads up to one conclusion, from which, as it seems to me, there 

 is no possibility of escaping. 



The tufas and marls of La Celle, which have yielded so 

 interesting a series of vegetable remains, contain also many 

 shells which have been studied in detail by M. Tournouer, who 

 gives the following list of species :— 2 



* ? 1. Limax sp. 1 ; common. 



2. Eggs of . . ? 

 ** ? 3. Hyalinia, sp. 1 

 ** 1 4. — cf. H. glabra, Stud. ? ; common. 



* ? 5. — cf. H. dutaillyana, Mab.? 



6. — ■ radiatula, Alb. 



7. — crystallina, Mull. 



** 8. Zonites acieformis, Klein ; common. 



9. Helix (Patula) rotundata, Mull., var. 



10. — (Anchistoma) obvoluta, Mull. ; rare. 



11. — (Theba) pulchella, Mull. 



* 12. — (Petasia) bidens, Chemn. ; rare. 

 13. — (Trichia) hispiida, Linne. 



* 14. — (Monacha) limbata, Drap. ; rare. 



** 15. — (Eulota) chouquetiana, Tourn. ; common. 

 16. — (Chilotrema) lapicida, Linne ; rare. 



1 Sordelli, Atti Soe. Ital. Sci. Nat., t. xvi. p. 350. 



2 In this list those species which are preceded hy an asterisk (*) are no longer 

 indigenous ; two asterisks (**) signify that the species is extinct. 



