CLIMATE OF PLEISTOCENE PERIOD. 



61 



akin to the high- 



Living in Franconia. Europe 

 Martens ; rare. High Alps, Lapland, and 



Living in Franconia. 



Middle 



very rare. Living in Franconia. Middle 



Living in Franconia. 



Middle 



2. Pupa parcedentata, A. Braun ; rare. Extinct 



alpine form, P. Sempronii, Charp. 



3. Pupa muscorum, L. sp. ; abundant. 



generally and Siberia. 



4. Pupa columella) G. v. 



Russia. 



5. Clausilia dubia, Drap. ; very rare. 



Europe. 



6. Clausilia pumila, Ziegl. 



Europe. 



7. Clausilia parvula, Stud. ; abundant. 



Europe generally. 



8. Clausilia laminata, Mont. ; very rare. Living in Franconia. 



Europe, with the exception of the Arctic Regions. 



9. Cionella lubrica, Mull. sp. ; very rare. Living in Franconia. 

 Europe generally and Siberia. 



10. Chonirala tridens, Mull., sp. ; rare. Living in Franconia, Middle 

 and Southern Europe. 



11. Helix arbustorum, L. ; abundant. Living in Franconia. Middle 



and Northern Europe. 



12. Helix sericea, Drap. ; very abundant. Living in Franconia. Middle 



and South Germany (Alps). 



13. Helix striata, Miill., var. nilssoniana, Beck ; rare. Middle and 



North Germany, Sweden ; the variety in Oeland. 



14. Helix strigella, Miill. ; very rare. Living in Franconia. Europe 



generally, Siberia. 



15. Helix pulchella, Miill. ; rare. Living in Franconia. Europe gener- 



ally, Siberia, North America. 



16. Helix tenuilabris, A. Braun ; very rare. Siberia, Alps, Swabian 



Alb. 



17. Helix fruticum, Miill. ; very rare. Living in Franconia. Europe 



(with the exception of British Islands), Ural, Altai. 



18. Succinea oblonga, Miill. ; very abundant. Living in Franconia. 

 Rare in Middle Europe, with the exception of the higher mountains 

 (Black Forest, Alps) ; very common in Scandinavia and Russia. 



19. Succinea putr is, L. ; rare. Living in Franconia. Europe generally, 



and Siberia (here it attains its largest size). 



20. Limax agrestis, L. ; rare. Living in Franconia. Europe generally, 



Siberia, and North America. 



Of these twenty species there are seventeen which still live 

 in Franconia ; hut many of the latter, Dr. Sandberger says, are 

 varieties which differ greatly from those that characterise the 



