PLEISTOCENE CAVE-DEPOSITS. 77 



investigations carried on in the two famous Devonshire caves. 

 It was in one of these (Kent's Hole) that the first discovery in 

 cave-deposits of the association of human implements with the 

 remains of the extinct mammalia was made. This important 

 " find " occurred to the Eev. J. MacEnery, who, between the years 

 1825 to 1841, seems to have explored Kent's Cavern with great 

 assiduity. It is not my intention, however, to enter into the 

 history of discovery in this most interesting department of geo- 

 logy. At present I am concerned merely with the general results 

 arrived at. Those who are desirous of acquiring fuller details 

 than can be given in these pages may consult the treatises men- 

 tioned in the note below. 1 In some of these works references 

 will be found to the labours of the earlier investigators, and the 

 reader will be able to form an opinion as to what extent the 

 conclusions of such men as MacEnery, Buckland, Schmerling, 

 Marcel de Serres, Christol, Tournal, and others have been borne 

 out by the more detailed and systematic researches of later days. 

 The mode in which human relics and mammalian remains 

 are associated in the undisturbed floor-deposits of the caverns 

 leaves one in no doubt that man and the extinct animals were 

 actually contemporaneous — that is to say, that they occupied 

 the European area during one and the same period. Human 

 relics and mammalian remains occur commingled in certain 

 cave-earths that are sealed up by an overlying, unbroken, and 

 continuous layer of stalagmite. Below this upper cave-earth, 



1 Buckland's Beliquice Diluviance ; Lyell's Antiquity of Man; Lubbock's 

 Prehistoric Times ; Dupont's L' Homme pendant les Ages de la Pierre ; Lartet's and 

 Christy's Beliquice. Aquitanicce ; Le Hon's L' Homme Fossile en Europe, and Boyd 

 Dawkins's Cave-hunting. A general account of the English bone-caves is given 

 in the last edition of Ramsay's Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain. 

 For more detailed accounts of the mode of occurrence of cave-accumulations, see 

 Mr. Pengelly's Annual Beports to the British Association on the excavations 

 which are now being carried on in Kent's Cavern ; and Mr. Tiddeman's Reports 

 on the Victoria Cave, near Settle. Another most elaborate and valuable Report 

 is that by Professor Prestwich on the exploration of Brixham Cave. See Philoso- 

 phical Transactions, vol. clxiii. 1873, p. 471. Mr. MacEnery's manuscripts were lost 

 for a number of years ; an abstract of them, however, was published in 1859 by 

 Mr. Vivian, and ten years later so much of the MSS. as had been preserved was 

 printed in full by Mr. Pengelly in the Transactions of the Devonshire Association. 



