i56 



PREHISTORIC EUROPE. 



1. Loss. 



2. Yellow clay with angular fragments of limestone. 



3. Stalagmite. 



4. Argillaceous sand with thin layers of gravel. 



5. Rolled stones, derived from the Ardennes. 



6. Sand with peat. 



7. Red clay. 



The same geologist has correlated the deposits in the caverns 

 with those which occur outside in the following manner : — 



Exterior. 



1. Loss with or without 



stones and blocks. 



2. Yellow clay with blocks. 



3. Argillaceous sand, irre- 



gularly stratified, with 

 intercalations of gravel 

 and rolled stones ; cal- 

 careous concretions and 

 land-shells. 



4. Gravelly sand with river- 



shells. 



5. Rolled stones with mam- 



moth. 



6. Gravelly sand. 



Caves. 



1. Loss with or without 



stones and blocks. 



2. Yellow clay with blocks, 



with remains of rein- 

 deer, etc., flint imple- 

 ments, etc. 



3. Argillaceous sand, irre- 



gularly stratified, with 

 intercalations of gravel 

 and rolled stones ; cal- 

 careous concretions ; re- 

 mains of cave-bear and 

 flint implements. 



4. Traces of sand. 



5. Rolled stones. 



6. Gravelly sand with peaty 



matter. 



Stages. 



Upper or Rein- 

 deer Stage. 



Middle or Cave- 

 bear Stage. 



Lower or Mam- 

 moth Stage. 



The loss is thus of more recent date, it will be observed, than 

 any of the other deposits with which it is associated in the 

 caves. It occupies, in short, the highest level. 



From the facts now adduced it is evident that the loss of 

 Central and Western Europe cannot be considered as a separate 

 and independent formation. We find it again and again closely- 

 associated with river-gravels, and containing intercalations of 

 clay, sand, and stones. It is true that in the Ehine valley it 

 retains a remarkably homogeneous character throughout a wide 



