208 PREHISTORIC EUROPE. 



der Linth, 1 and others — who succeeded in demonstrating that 

 the low grounds of Switzerland during the Glacial Period were 

 totally overwhelmed by great glaciers descending from every 

 mountain-valley. The old glacier of the Ehone we now know 

 covered all the area presently occupied by the Lake of Geneva, 

 and reached to a height of very nearly 4000 feet upon the 

 slopes of the Jura. 2 In some places, indeed, it even overflowed 

 through passes in those mountains at a height of over 3000 feet, 

 a long stream of ice advancing north-west through the French 

 Jura by way of Pontarlier, and reaching to beyond Ornans in 

 the valley of the Loue, a tributary of the river Saone. 3 The 

 main trunk of the Ehone glacier, as we learn chiefly from the 

 researches of MM. Falsan and Chantre, 4 made its way out of 

 Switzerland and flowed far south into the plains of France, its 

 spoor having been traced down to Lyons and Vienne in the 

 valley of the Ehone. In like manner all the valleys that open 

 north from the Alps and the Tyrol were filled with great glaciers, 

 which spread themselves far out upon the low grounds of Baden, 

 Hohenzollern, Wurtemberg, Upper Swabia, and over wide areas 

 in Upper Bavaria and Upper Austria. 5 



1 TJeber die Gegend von Zurich in der letzten Periode der Vorwelt, 1852. 



2 Professor Renevier has recently traced the frontal moraine of this ancient 

 glacier, which is perfectly continuous, along the flanks of the Jura for a distance 

 of six miles between Mauborget and Ste. Croix. It reaches a breadth that varies 

 between 500 and 1500 metres, and attains a culminating point of 1233 metres. — 

 Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sciences Nat, t. xvi. (81) p. 21. 



3 Benoit : Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 3 e Ser. t. v. p. 61. 



4 Ibid., 2 e Ser. t. xxvi. p. 360 ; Mem. de V Acad, des Sciences, Belles-Lettres, 

 et Arts de Lyon, 1869 ; Bibliotheque Universelle de Geneve, 1870 ; Compt. Rend. 

 Assoc. Franc, pour I'Avance. des Sciences, 1873 ; Monographic giologique des anciens 

 glaciers et du terrain erratique de la partie moyenne du bassin du Rh&ne (1879). 



6 For descriptions of glacial phenomena on north and east side of Alps — 

 Baden, Wurtemberg, Swabia, Upper Bavaria, Tyrol, and Austrian territories — 

 see Gerwig : Verh. der naturw. Vereins, Carlsruhe, Bd. v. p. 89 ; Simony : Jahrb. 

 der k.-k. geol. Reichsanst., Bd. ii. p. 153 ; Verh. der k.-k. geol. Reichsanst, 1869, p. 

 296 ; Mitth. des Gsterreich. Alpenv., Bd. i. (1863) p. 178 ; Denkschr. der k. Akad. 

 der Wissensch. Wien, 1871, p. 501; Probst: Jahresh. des Vereins fur vaterl. 

 Naturk. Wurttemberg, 1866, p. 45; Ibid., 1874; Steudel : Ibid., 1866, p. 104, 

 and 1869, p. 40 ; Archives des Sciences Phys. et Nat., 1867, t. xxix. p. 209 ; 

 Gredler: Programm der k.-k. Gymnasiums in Botzen, 1867-68; Trinker : 

 Jahrb. der k.-k. geol. Reichsanst., 1851, Bd. ii. p. 74 ; Gotsch : Zeitschr. des 



