INTERGLACIAL EPOCHS. 271 



mergence of the land in Southern Norway to a depth of 640 to 

 700 feet. 1 From these heights down to the level of the sea, beds 

 of clay, sand, and gravel, charged with the remains of an arctic 

 marine fauna, are met with more or less abundantly. As I 

 shall point out in a subsequent chapter, they are overlaid by a 

 newer set of strata of postglacial age. Now, it is somewhat 

 remarkable that these high-level shelly clays and beach-deposits 

 appear to be restricted to Southern Scandinavia. At all events 

 no trace of them would seem as yet to have been observed in 

 Northern Norway. But, as is well known, many old beach- 

 lines, cut in the living rock, occur plentifully along nearly the 

 whole coast, from Skonevig in the extreme north to Christiania 

 in the south ; and some of these beach-lines, if such they be, 

 attain a greater elevation than is reached by any of the glacial 

 shell-beds. 2 Thus Kjeiulf and Mohn record heights ranging 



1 According to Kjerulf, clays with Arctic shells reach a height of 400 to 460 

 feet above the sea, while shell-banks of the same age go up to 530 feet. He 

 allows 40 fathoms or so (240 to 250 feet) as the depth at which the high-level 

 clays were accumulated, which, added to 400 to 460 feet, will give us 640 to 700 

 feet. The shell-banks would require some 90 feet of water for their formation, 

 and this, added to 530 feet, gives 620 feet. In Sweden, according to A. Erd- 

 mann, the submergence was greater, but he includes the asar or drift-ridges 

 amongst the marine deposits, a view which is now generally abandoned by 

 Swedish geologists. 



2 For descriptions of the "ganile strandlinier " of Norway see Keilhau : Nyt 

 Mag. for Naturvidensk., Bd. i. (1837) p. 105 ; Bravais : Comptes Eendics de 

 I' Acad, des Sci., t. x. (1840) p. 691, and Voyages de la Commission Scientifique 

 du Nord en Skandinavie, en Laponie, etc. (1842) ; K. Chambers : Ancient Sea 

 Margins (1848), p. 289, and "Tracings of the North of Europe," Chambers's 

 Edinburgh Journal, 1849-1850; Kjerulf: Universitets-program (Christiania) for 

 forste Halvaar, 1870 ; Ibid, for andet Halvaar, 1872 ; Udsigt over det sydlige 

 Norges Geologi, 1879, p. 17 ; S. A. Sexe : Paper accompanying Index Scholarum 

 of the University (Christiania) for first season, 1872 ; Universitets-program 

 (Christiania) for forste Semester, 1874 ; Forhandlingar i Videnshabs-Selslcabet i 

 Christiania, 1874, p. 185 ; Archiv for Mathem. og Naturvidensk., Bd. i. (1876) 

 p. 1 ; H. Keusch : Fork. Vidensk.-Selshab. (Christiania), 1874, p. 284; Ibid., 

 1878, p. 1 ; Nyt Mag. for Naturvidensk., Bd. xxii. (1876) p. 169 ; H.Mohn : Nyt 

 Mag. for Nat., Bd. xxii. (1876) p. 1 ; K. Pettersen : Archiv for Mathem. og 

 Naturvid., Bd. iii. (1878) p. 182; Bd. iv. (1878) p. 167; Tromsbe Museums 

 Aarshefter, Bd. i. (1878) p. 66. An excellent resume of the present state of 

 our knowledge of the " gamle strandlinier " is given by Dr. Richard Lehmann in 

 the Programm der Realschule I. Ordnung im Waisenhause zu Halle fur das 

 Schuljahr 1878-1879. 



