exteriorly, and inordinately thickened, evea to twice or thrice its natural 

 dimensions; large ribs and depressed circles form about it, and its summit 

 in a remarkable manner, becomes depressed or flattened, which arises 

 from the curious cause we have before noticed, of the frog-band resting 

 too strongly upon theseparts. j^r/. ^ . 



This deformity and thickening of the wall may be accounted for by the 

 altered condition of the Cutidural Cavity in the top of the hoof, wliich, in 

 very old cases, is almost effaced, being rendered widtr as well as 

 shallower. 



When founder takes place, it is known by the sanken appearance of 

 the foot in the hoof, by the bristling of the hair round the Coronet, and 

 by a chasm or depression within the edge of the hoof, sensible to the 

 finger, and by the fulness of the sole before the point of the frog. 



The point of the frog is, as we have stated, pressed downwards in this 

 complaint, and is fuller than it should be; while, on the contrary, the 

 base of the frog appears to be drawn upward or internally, which at first 

 was a difficult circumstance to explain; but is accounted for, by con- 

 sidering what takes place in the distUrbance of the bone, that a sort of 

 rotation about its centre attends its descent, the front parts, by receding 

 or falling backwards, elevate the superior and posterior parts of the bone 

 to which the base of the frog is indirectly connected. The tumid 

 State of the surrounding parts also makes this appearance the raore 

 conspicuous See Fig. 2. k. 



Simon, an Athenian, the most ancient writer on this art, quoted by 

 Xenophon, but whose work is entirely lost, " well observed," as Xeno- 

 phon expresses it, " that the good hoof, when Struck upon the pavement, 

 sounded like a cymbal, and was concave." He by this plainly distin- 

 guished the healthy from the foundered foot.* 



Feet that were foundered, were called by the Greeks jwaXaKoiro^fo-,! or 

 soft footed; the Romans used the sanie phrase.;]; It is ciear, however, they 

 used it in a more extensive sense, for any weak, flat, or ill shaped foot, 

 and founder was confounded by them as with us tili lately with such feet. 



XifAfv d>J^ot'; Etiai Toy? eyTroda?, J:a^ao■ >.iytL\-, ut^-m? yap xv (aCciXiv -i-opii Tracer Tij ^ätte^o;, ») ya%i} owÄ»;«'' 

 •* Etiantsonitu r^cte memorat Simo pednm hmiitatem prodi. Nam ungnla concava solo impacta vehtt cymhalum 

 resonal." — XenopiioN rij^i Iw7in(. Ed. Francof. 1596, p. 933. 

 \ Absyrtus, npud Script. Grac. Vet. p. 252. et tiMijue. 



l " Molli/«//a;>c(/e."-HoR. " Naturalüer autim inollcs ungula solidantur".-V tGRTWS. Lib. 2. cap. 5M. 



D 



