22 THE PRESENT CONDITION 



But let me ask you to look along these diagrams. 

 Here is the skeleton of the Horse, and here the 

 skeleton of the Dog. You will notice that we have 

 in the Horse a skull, a backbone and ribs, shoulder- 

 blades and haunch-bones. In the fore-limb, one 

 upper arm-bone, two fore arm-bones, wrist-bones 

 (wrongly called knee), and middle hand-bones, ending 

 in the three bones of a finger, the last of which is 

 sheathed in the horny hoof of the fore-foot : in the 

 hind-limb, one thigh-bone, two leg-bones, ankle-bonts, 

 and middle foot-bones, ending in the three bones of a 

 toe, the last of which is encased in the hoof of the 

 hind-foot. Now turn to the Dog's skeleton. We find 

 identically the same bones, but more of them, there 

 being more toes in each foot, and hence more 

 toe-bones. 



Well, that is a very curious thing ! The fact is 

 that the Dog and the Horse — when one gets a look at 

 them without the outward impediments of the skin — 

 are found to be made in very much the same sort of 

 fashion. And if I were to make a transverse section of 

 the Dog, I should find the same organs that I have 

 already shown you as forming parts of the Horse. 

 Well, here is another skeleton — that of a kind of Lemur 

 — you see he has just the same bones; and if I were to 

 make a transverse section of it, it would be just the 

 same again. In your mind's eye turn him round, so as 

 to put his backbone in a position inclined obliquely 

 upwards and forwards, just as in the next three dia- 

 grams, which represent the skeletons of an Orang, a 

 Chimpanzee, a Gorilla, and you find you have no trouble 

 in identifying the bones throughout ; and lastly turn to 



