xviii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



FIG, 



P.VG E 



83. Cyrena {^Corbiaila) fiuminalis 281 



84. The Mammoth [Elephas primigenius) 2S3 



85. A palKolitliic implement, from Gray's Imi Lane .... 285 



86. A neolithic implement from the Thames at London . . . 285 



87. Nautilus centralis, from the London clay 289 



88. Microscopic section of chalk from Sussex 292 



89. Atlantic ooze from a depth of 2,250 fathoms .... 292 



90. Map showing the effect of an upheaval of the sea-bottom 



around the British Isles, to the extent of 100 fathoms . . 302 



91. Map of the World, showing direction of the principal chains 



of mountains 3^4 



92. Diagrammatic section across Eurasia 306 



93. Diagrammatic section across North America 312 



94. Diagrammatic section across South America 312 



95. Map of Arctic regions 3'4 



96. Continental or land hemisphere 3 IS 



97. Oceanic or water hemisphere 315 



98. Disappearance of a ship at sea 318 



99. Ship approaching shore. Cui-vature of sea 319 



100. Enlargement of horizon by ascending a hill 321 



loi. The earth within the star-sphere 322 



102. Difference between polar and equatorial diameters of the 



earth 326 



103. Coordinates of a point 327 



104. Parallels of latitude . . ■. 328 



105. Lines of longitude 328 



106. Orthographic projection 332 



107. Globular projection 333 



108. Conical development 334 



109. Mercator's projection 335 



1 10. Polar projection 33^ 



111. Diagram to illustrate effect of changing the position of the 



earth's axis in relation to the sun 339 



112. Diagram showing the earth's relation to the sun at different 



seasons 35° 



113 The earth at the summer solstice 352 



