X. 



mine, even \Abeu full grown, and quite impossible when young. 

 Besides the jjrotubei'ance on segment five, it is furnished with small 

 projections on each of the other abdominal segments, except twelve 

 and thirteen, which give it a prickly appearance. 



I now come to a species on nut {Oon/Ius avellana), for which Mr. 

 Stainton proposes the name of Kaltenhachii. The moth bears a striking 

 resemblance to piirpurella, and but for the longer antennae, it would be 

 hard to tell it from that insect. The larva is, however, altogether 

 different. Tt is an early species, beginning to feed before the nut 

 leaves are fully expanded, and sets to work on its blotch with very 

 little of a preliminary gallery. The larva is at first an exact copy 

 of those of the unimaculeUa group. 



1st skin — whitish, with black head. 2nd skin — the black marks 

 on segment two appear. 3rd skin — little change noticeable ; the larva 

 looks rather yellowish in the mine, but this appears to be the effect 

 partly of the colour of the mine itself, and partly of the greenish- 

 yellow contents of the intestine, the colour of the skin being really 

 whitish. 4th skin — head pale brown, with darker mouth ; a slight 

 tinge of grey, especiall}^ posteriorly, represents what remains of the 

 black mark on the upper-side of segment two, that on the under-side 

 is broken up into a pair of large dark grey spots, which gives the larva 

 the very same look that the dark posterior lobes give unimaculeUa. 

 It is furnished like purpureUa with small abdominal projections, but 

 more minute. 



SalopieJla and Sparmannella. — The first begins to mine the birch 

 leaves about the middle of May, a full fortnight later than the early 

 feeders, which has allowed the leaves to acquire their full size Spar- 

 manneUa is still later, and does not make its appearance till the middle 

 or end of June. Each commences with a long, narrow, Nepticula. 

 like gallery, wdiich, from the persistence of the line of black frass, 

 remains permanently visible. This portion is the work of the larva 

 in the first skin. Next comes a small dark brown blotch, representing 

 the second and third larval skins. In salopieUa the blotch is pear- 

 shaped, due to the larva turning abruptly round at the end of the 

 gallery :Mn Sparmannella it is rectangular, from the larva turning off 

 its gallery at right angles. This is the only point that distinguishes 

 their mines, and trivial though the difference be, it is remarkable how 

 constant it is. Lastly, and representing the fourth and last skin of 

 the larva, is the usual wide spreading mine of a Micropteryx, which 

 often surroiuids and encloses the primary blotch ; yet the latter being 



