GENERAL DESCRIPTION OP EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE. 7 



will show the general character better than any detailed description. The 

 opening of the gateway was 8 feet 6 inches. The entrance road passing 

 through this gateway and straight on through the centre of the cemetery 

 was here slightly raised above the general level of the ground, so that 

 there was a little fall on either side of this road. 



These gates were stated to have been secured, at the time of the 

 shock, by the bolts in the middle ; whether this really were so or not, it 

 would be impossible to ascertain now, but they were doubtless closed to 

 prevent cattle trespassing within the enclosure. 



When I visited the place, the whole was in ruins, and stood as shown 

 in PI. V, fig. £, reduced from a photograph which I had specially taken 

 by Mr. Pearson at the time of my visit. Nothing whatever had been 

 done to the place, and the ruined mass remained, as stated by every one, 

 in exactly the same condition as it was the morning after the earth- 

 quake occurred. 



The eastern gateway pillar lay flat on the ground not much broken 

 up, having evidently fallen en masse, being simply overturned. It was, 

 doubtless, held back partially by the supporting wall on the side, but all 

 was upset, cleanly cut off along the smooth surface of the first course of 

 bricks above the ground level. The mass of the brickwork was broken 

 right across and partially separated at two distinct points, and the upper- 

 most portion of the pillar lay in a separate heap overturned close by. 

 These cracks in the mass appeared to me to be obviously the result of 

 fractures caused by the falling of the pillar en masse on partially uneven 

 ground, the whole having toppled over in all probability as one. The 

 capital, however, which was separate from the shaft of the pillar and lay 

 at a distance of 4 feet 3 inches from the top of the pillar, lay on the 

 ground, in its natural position and not overturned, as it would have been 

 had it rolled, would seem to have been shot off from the pillar, and 

 being free to move, that is, not tied to the wall on one side and to the gate 

 on the other, would seem to give a fair index to the direction and 

 possibly to the force of the wave. The spherical cap of this pillar also 

 was lying on the ground, and apparently as it fell, beyond the capital, 



( 7 ) 



