2 OLDHAM : THERMAL SPRINGS OF INDIA. 



Before we can venture to think that we have arrived at any such result, 

 we must hope for the combined action of many in recording the exist- 

 ence and the phenomena of springs in their own vicinity which are only 

 known locally and which may not have attracted general notice whether 

 on account of the inaccessible localities in which they occur or from 

 the absence of any very marked phenomena connected with them. 



The earliest attempt at mapping these springs in India that I am 

 acquainted with, was by Dr. Gr. Buist. On the map which accompanies 

 his very interesting paper, ' On Volcanoes in India/ printed in the 

 Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society, Vol. X (published in 

 1852), he has marked the locality of thirty-seven hot springs, and he 

 has given, printed on the map itself, brief details of each. All these 

 will be found alluded to below. Several were repetitions of the same 

 source under different names. 



Newbold, in discussing the ' Temperature of the Springs, Hills, and 

 Rivers of India and Egypt, &c.' (Philosophical Transactions, London, 

 1845, page 125 ; Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, Vol. X, 1846, 

 page 102), gives brief notices of many with which he was acquainted, and 

 refers to others which had been quoted in a general way, but without 

 any details. Thus he notes that Sykes had been informed of the exist- 

 ence of hot springs in Canara, — he had himself heard of them in the 

 Raidrug hills in the ceded districts, in the Koondahs on the Western 



Coast, &c. &c. 



In the Indian ' Annals of Medical Science/ No. Ill, Calcutta, 1854, 

 Dr. J. Macpherson gave a very full list of all the mineral springs then 

 known to him, compiled partly from the records of the Medical Depart- 

 ment, and largely also from other sources, both published and original. 

 This list was subsequently issued separately. The point of view from 

 which these springs were specially considered by Dr. Macpherson being 

 their efficacy as therapeutic agents in the alleviation of disease and 

 suffering, his list contained many other than simply thermal, sources, 

 but this paper was a very valuable contribution to the knowledge of 

 these springs. 

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