PREFACE. o 



The most recent catalogue or record of the thermal springs of India 

 with which I am acquainted, is that by Mr. Robert Schlagintweit, pub- 

 lished in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. XXXIII, 

 page 49, 1864. In this a list of ninety hot springs in India and high 

 Asia is given. Other notices of this list will be found further on. 



In compiling the present list, we have of course taken advantage of 

 all these sources of information, as well as of our own observations in 

 several parts of the country, and the correspondence of friends, who have 

 been good enough to give us the results of their experience also. And 

 so far as we know at preseat, the following list contains all the thermal 

 sources recorded up to this date as occurring within Indian limits, or 

 closely adjoining to Indian boundaries, The special point of view from 

 which these thermal springs became on the present occasion interesting 

 being their connection with earthquake and volcanic or quasi-volcanic 

 phenomena ; the only fact considered in determining the admission of a 

 spring to the present list has been the temperature of the water of 

 the spring. When known, the actual composition of the water has 

 generally been given, or the presence of peculiar elements stated; 

 but the enumeration of any locality in the following list depends solely 

 upon the fact that the water there thrown out is at a temperature above 

 the mean temperature of the locality where the spring occurs, or at least 

 above the mean temperature of the water of the locality. 



There has been considerable difficulty in fixing on the names under 

 which several of these springs should be entered in the list. Locally the 

 springs are universally known by the name given to the spring itself, as 

 Suraj Kund, the spring of the sun; Chandra Kund, the spring of the moon; 

 Sita Kund, &c. &c. ; or by descriptive names, as Garmab, hot water; 

 Tatta or tapta pani, Jerria pani, &c, — all different forms of the words 

 expressing ' hot water ;' or from the deities to whom they are supposed to 

 be specially dedicated, or by whom they are said to have been produced, 

 as Mahadeo, or Mahadeva, the great deity. As these names, however, 

 are repeated again and again in different and far-distant districts, it is 



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