46 



OLDHAM : THEKMAL SPRINGS 01 IXDJA. 



small temple, the hot spring outside. Water used for 

 drinking. Situated on the Right bank of the River Pern 

 Gunga. — W. T. Blanford. Also known as Ounkdeo. It 

 is in the Nizam's territory, but close to the boundary. — 

 Official Returns. 



202. Ganeri ... Lat. 19° 51'; Long. 78° 26'; Elev. abt. 900; Temp. 101°. 



Rises from a fault in the lower Vindhyan limestone and 

 shale. Water used for village drinking, and is taken in 

 preference to the stream which runs past the place. Air 

 in shade at time of observation, 86°. Spring lies in the 

 bed of River Pern Gunga. — W. T. Blanford. 



203. Arjuna ... Lat. 19° 50'; Long. 78° 51' ; Elev. abt. 800-900 ; Temp 87°. 



A small spring issues from lower Vindhyan sandstone 

 (limestone close by) ; air in shade at time of observation, 

 78*5° in East Berar. — Malcolmson, Geol. Trans., 2 series, 

 V, 556. This is No. 4 of Schlagintweit's list. 



204. Khair ... Lat. 19° 54 ; Long. 78° 57'; Elev. abt. 870 ; Temp. 87°. 



In East Berar, very copious; said to be most abundant 

 and hottest in the hot weather, and to cease or nearly so in 

 the rains. There are several springs ; temperature of the 

 smallest, about 200 yards off, is 85°. Air in shade at 

 time of observation, 50°. The water is used for irrigation ; 

 is tasteless, scentless, pure, and also used for drinking. 

 Spring rises from the lower Vindhyan limestone, or 

 between the limestone and sandstone. — Blanford, Geol. 

 Surv., India. This is the Kais, a misprint for Kair of 

 Newbold's list, Phil. Tran., 1845, 137. Edin. New Phil. 

 Jour., XL, 1846, p. 112. 



To the east in the lower Godavari valley are two springs. 



205. Gondala ... Lat. 17° 39'; Long. 81° 00' ; Elev. 130; Temp. 140°. 



Rises in the sandy bed of the Godavari river, about 2 

 furlongs from its left bank, about 3 miles below the 

 pagoda Bhadrachellum, close to rocks of granite and trap 

 (hornblende rock) mixed in various ways. It is covered by 

 the river in the rainy season. Temperature of air at sunrise, 

 when recorded, 70°, of spring 139°, and of other adjoining 

 130°-120°. The odour of sulphuretted hydrogen sensible 

 but slight ; 2,880 grains evaporated left 6 grains of saline 

 matter, consisting of sulphate of soda, common salt, and 

 nwiate of Wme.— Voysey, J. A. S. B., 11,396. Tem- 

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