12 OLDHAM : GEOLOGY OF MANIPUR AND NAGA HILLS. 



ous specimens of a species of Venus were exposed. These shells, as well 

 as the matrix in which they are imbedded, are undistinguishable from 

 the fossils discovered by Mr. Theobald in the miocene beds of Prome, and 

 are also very similar to the fossils found by Mr. Mallet in the Sub- 

 Himalayan (Nahan ?) beds under Darjeeling. 



25. I now pass on to the consideration of various local deposits of 



doubtful age, which I will class together as sub- 

 Sub -recent, i • • 



recent, though it is not impossible that some at 



least may be of late pliocene age ; they are (1) the l Dun ' deposits east of 



Samaguting; (2) the high level gravels, so-called morraines, of the 



Naga hills; and (3) certain high level gravels in Manipur territory. 



These I shall describe in the order above mentioned. 



26. Between the outermost ridge, that on which the station of 



Samaguting is situated, and the higher hills to the 

 Samaguting duns. 



south-east, there are large tracts of comparatively 



low-lying gravel deposits, not unlike those of the duns of the Himalayas. 

 One of these is traversed by the road to Kohima between Pherima and the 

 Diphupani gorge; here there is exposed, in the deeper sections, a thick- 

 ness of over 200 feet of sand and shingle of various degrees of coarse- 

 ness forming terraces through which the streams have cut their present 

 channels. These seem to be river deposits caused by a check in the gra- 

 dient due to the elevation of the Samaguting ridge, deposition ceasing 

 afterwards as the river cut down its bed in the Diphupani gorge. 



27. In the valleys draining from the high peaks round Japvo, there 



High level deposits of are old hi g h level river deposits which, from their 

 the Naga hills. composition, being a medley of blocks of stone of 



all sizes and, near the heads of the valleys at any rate, for the most 



part sub-angular, have been mistaken by Major Godwin-Austen for 



morraines. 



28. But before proceeding to a description of the deposits themselves, 



Physical features of & ™ 11 he wel1 to devote a few words to a descrip- 

 the country. ^ on £ fa e more marked physical features of the 



hills among which they lie. If a straight line be drawn from Kohima 

 ( 228 ) 



