1 6 OLDHAM : GEOLOGY OF MANIPUR AND NAGA HILLS. 



as much evidence of a past glacial epoch as the actual existence of 

 Glacial epoch v. in- glaciers, but this concurrence of increased cold and 

 creased elevation. increased precipitation could be produced under 



existing circumstances by an increased elevation of the Patkai, which 

 I shall presently show, there is strong reason for believing was the 

 case in geologically recent times. This increased elevation of course 

 reduces the difficulties of explaining the possibility of glaciers having 

 existed here, but the independent proof of the non-glacial origin of 

 the deposits are so strong that it is unnecessary to enter into 

 this question. 



34. Between Viswema and Jakhama is another patch of similar deposits 



where we can plainly see the cause of the peculiar 



Jakhama deposits. j. ... » ,, Tr . XT , 



disposition ot those near Kigwema. Here we have 

 to the north of the Jakhama spur a small stream whose drainage area, 

 for all practical purposes, lies entirely outside the upper tertiary boundary, 

 and in which there are consequently no high-level deposits. To the 

 south of the same spur is a stream which flows from the slopes of Japvo, 

 and which, with another to the south, has formed a broad triangular 

 surface now cut into by the same streams which originally formed 

 it; but close to the village of Jakhama the deposit has been raised 

 to within thirty feet of the crest of the spur as is shown in the outline 

 sketch, PI. 1, fig. 1, taken from Major Godwin-Austen's paper. 



35. We have here an illustration of the history of the Kigwema 



deposits which are in a more advanced stage than 

 Alteration of drainage. 



those near Jakhama. There can be no doubt that 

 originally the Mizir flowed along the foot of the spur on which 

 Mima and Kigwema now stand ; but that having raised the level of 

 its bed to that of the saddle in the spur to the north, it poured over the 

 rapid slope at the head of the small valley, and cutting down its 

 channel established itself in its present course. From the small amount 

 of deposit in the present Mizir valley and the low level at which it 

 lies, I conclude that the conditions under which these deposits were 

 formed must have passed away shortly after this catastrophe. The same 

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