APPENDIX. ■ 415 



wards their insertion in the hj'oid bone. The valve which Camper has evi- 

 dently taken to be the sac lies outside of ihe mucous sac, but is incorporated 

 with its anterior walls ; the inner wall of the true sac surrounds and is at- 

 tached to the larynx extending longitudinally from the hyoid bone to the base 

 of the thyroid cartilage, how much further it may extend cannot, from the im- 

 perfect state of the specimen already mentioned, be determined; and at present 

 the writer would only call it an organ of voice. The slit or orifice exists as 

 Camper describes, but opens into the laryngeal sac, which lies above the valve 

 that is next the larynx. The dimensions of this larynx are as follows: — 



Length of larynx from base of epiglottis to base of thyroid 



cartilage 0.5 inches. 



Circumference of larynx . . , . . . . 0.11 inches. 



Inside diameter of larynx 0.2 inches. 



The age of the reindeer which Camper dissected, he said was " four years," 

 but " it had not attained its full growth." It is therefore possible that the sac 

 was not fully developed. The muscles described by him taken in connection 

 with those found in the young buck make this very probable. 



Mr. Morrow said that he had made every exertion to obtain a more perfect 

 specimen of the larynx from an old buck, but without success. A small buck 

 eight months old was sent to him and dissected by Dr. Sommers, Dr. Gilpin, 

 and himself on the 27th January; and a female calf nine months old and an 

 adult doe was put at his disposal by Mr. T. J. Egan, and dissected February 

 19. Mr. Morrow gave an account of the dissection of these three animals 

 taken from the notes of Dr. Sommers; with reference to the larynx, very 

 much abridged, it was as follows : In the young buck the organ existed as 

 described in the adult animal, but in an immature state; it would probably be 

 developed with the growth of the animal; the muscles were not found as in the 

 adult animal, but arising apparently from the base of the epiglottis on either 

 side, possibly continuous with the thyro-epiglottidean and aryteno-epio-lottid- 

 ean muscles, are two bands of muscular fibres passing over on either side 

 of a body which probably would develop and form tiie valve in the adult, and 

 are connected with it by fibrous adhesions; extending forwards they unite at 

 its upper border, forming a single muscular band which becomes inserted into 

 the upper and inner edge of the hyoid bone. These fibres have no analogues 

 in man. Under the microscope the structure forming this body (which was 

 about the size of a small horse-bean) was found to consist mostly of fatty 

 tissue with a moderate proportion of granular cells. This body, which would 

 form the valve, was absent in the doe and very rudimentary in the female fawn. 



Camper pointed out that the female reindeer is without this organ in the 

 larynx, and also that it is not present in the male fallow deer, and from a 

 specimen exhibited it was seen that it was not in the Virginia deer. 



Inside of the hock of the Caribou there is a patch of hair of a lighter color 

 and somewhat longrer than that which covers the skin in its immediate nei"-h- 

 borhood, and the skin under this patch is slightly thicker than that immedi- 

 ately around it. This spot is usually called a " gland." It is caused by an en- 

 largement of the hair follicles, has a very strong smell, and in the Caribou is a 

 scent " gland." The matter producing this scent is entirely different from 

 that contained in the tubes; it appears to be a highly volatile oil, and resists 

 salt for a long time after the i-est of the skin has become saturated; when dry 



