194 BARON WALCKENAER ON THE INSECTS 
appears to be much more common than the Ateuchus A/gyptiorum, 
which is of a golden green colour, and must be that imitated by the 
artists of Lower Egypt; while those of Upper Egypt have chosen the 
Ateuchus Aigyptiorum for their model. M. Caillaud found this insect 
in Sennaar, but not in. Egypt. He however discovered the elytra 
and other remains of them in the mummy-cases in Egypt, which seems 
to prove that this insect has existed, and perhaps still exists, in that 
country. As Aristotle and Aristophanes employ the word Cantharis 
to denote the Sacred Scarabzeus, I infer that these two authors had in 
view the Ateuchus Aigyptiorum of M, Caillaud. 
This first species of Scarabeus of which Pliny speaks is also, 
according to the view we have taken, the first of the three species of 
these insects which are mentioned by Horapollo as being held in great 
veneration by the Egyptians. 
The second species of Scarabzeus used as an amulet for the cure of the 
quartan ague, spoken of by Pliny, is employed, he says, by the magi- 
cians, but that care must be taken to collect these insects with the left 
hand. This species has small reflected horns, cud sunt cornicula reflexa. 
From this indication, Hardouin, and, other commentators following 
him, refer this insect to the Lucani. They are mistaken. 
The Lucanus, vulgarly called the Stag-Beetle, is one of those insects 
which Pliny has most correctly described* ; and naturalists have therefore 
allowed it to retain the name which he assigned to it. He gives a good de- 
scription of its long, indented, and bifurcated horns, which he says are 
suspended around the neck of children to preserve them from the bite of 
venomous beasts: “ Cornua prelonga bisulcis dentata foreipibus in 
eacumine.” This will not agree with the little recurved horns of the 
other species of Scarabeeus with which it has been identified. This second 
species of the Scarabus of Pliny appears to be the second species de- 
scribed by Horapollo; according to this author it has two horns, and the 
form.of the bull; it is sacred to the moon. We are disposed to think that 
this is the large species of Copris (ouster), with two horns, which M. Sa- 
vigny brought from Egypt, and named Midas. It is sculptured in the 
temple of Karnak, and according to the observation of Latreille appears 
to belong to the genus Onztis, recently separated from the Coprophagit. 
.M. Millin, in his account.of the engraved Egyptian stones in the 
Bibliothéque du Roi, says that an engraving of a sculptured Scara- 
bzus may be seen in the cabinet of antiques of St. Genevieve, 
which he considers as the Scarabeus Mimas. In this he is mistaken, 
for the Scarabeus Mimas is a species peculiar to America; but the 
the elytra, which ¢ are also of a different form. Schcenherr, Synonymia Insect., 
vol.i. p18 ;"Caillaud, Voyage a Méroé et au Fleuve Blanc, vol. iv. p. 272, 
Atlas d’ Hist. Nat. et @’ Antiq. ii. 58. p. 10. 
* Pliny, Hist. Nat., book ii. chap. 34. 
t Latreille, Mémoires, pp. 148, 153. Compare Descript. del Eg ypte,vol, iii.p.d4 
