\BY WHICH THE VINE IS INFESTED. 207 
Dermestes:counterfeit death when they are touched, and this conformity 
of habit must have contributed to the error of the ancient authors in 
confounding together the Jps which preys upon horn and that which 
infests the vine. Butthere are still stronger reasons which prove that the 
Voluera or Volvox of the Latins is the same insect as the Ips or Iks of 
the Greeks. Pliny and Columella inform us that the Volucra or Vol- 
vox was a different insect from the Convolvulus. This difference be- 
tween two insects which both infested the vine must necessarily have 
been complete and radical, since it was remarked by the ancients, who 
possessed so little information upon this class of animals. We shall 
show presently that the Convolvulus was one of the Lepidoptera or 
Butterflies ; the Volucra or Volvox must belong to a totally different 
class. Now among insects there are only the larve and the insects 
of the Coleoptera, and the caterpillars or larvee of the Lepidoptera, 
which are very injurious to the vine ; the Volucra or Volvox must there- 
fore belong to the class Coleoptera. Besides, we learn from Pliny and 
Columella that the Volucra or Volvox infested both the young shoots and 
the grapes. Pliny says, “Volvocem animal prerodens pubescentes uvas;” 
and Columella, “ Genus animalis Volucra prerodit teneras adhue pam- 
pinas et uvas.” These expressions apply solely and entirely to the 
Eumolpus of the vine and the Jps of the Greeks, and not to the Can- 
tharides of the Geoponics, the Rhynchites Bacchus or Betuleti, which 
injures the vine by rolling up the leaves and causing them to wither, 
but which does not attack the fruit. Neither can they be applied, as 
we shall shortly see, to the various species of the caterpillars or larvz 
of the Lepidoptera which attack the vine. 
It is therefore proved that the Zps or Jks of the Greeks is the Volu- 
era or Volvox of the Latins, and the Eumolpus of the vine the Eumol- 
pus Vitis of modern entomologists. 
VILL. Lnvolvulus.— Convolvulus——Pyralis of Bose d’ Antie.— Ver- 
coquin.—Procris Vitis, or Procris ampelophaga.— Vine-moth.— Grape- 
moth.—Tortrix Heperana.—Cochylis Roserana.—From the recipes given 
by Pliny and Cato to prevent the multiplication of the Convolvulus, 
we learn that it was an insect eminently destructive of the vine; but 
as they neither give any description of it nor furnish us with any par- 
ticulars respecting it, excepting that it was a different species from the 
Volucra or Volvox, we have no means of ascertaining whether this name 
applies to the same insect as is denoted by the name Jnvolvulus em- 
ployed by Plautus in the passage which has been quoted. In this un- 
certainty, the similarity of the roots and the conformity of the onoma- 
topeeia, indicative of similar habits and industry, will not allow us to 
separate these two words, and induce us to presume that they were em- 
ployed to designate the same object, or rather that they are one name, 
to which are adjoined two different particles, which do not alter its sig 
