214 BARON WALCKENAER ON THE INSECTS 
the common broom, the elm, and twenty other plants*. The Sphinz 
Elpenor, or the Sphinx of the vine of Geoffroy, (this is not the Sphinx 
Vitis of modern entomologists, an American butterfly which does not 
live upon the vine,) is frequently found upon the vine, but it is also 
met with not less frequently upon-the Epilobium, the Salicaria, the 
balsam, and the convolvulus +. Lastly, the Sphina Porcellus, or the 
Sphinx with red indented bands, the caterpillar of which is sometimes 
found upon the vine, but still more often upon the honey-suckle, la- 
vender, and more especially upon the yellow bed-straw, Galiwm ve- 
rumt. The last two species have caterpillars as large as the little 
finger, and as they keep upon the summit of the shoots they may be 
easily removed. 
These are the caterpillars or larvee of Lepidoptera which the Greeks 
and Latins, when speaking of insects infesting the vine, designated by 
the general names of Kampe or Eruca; but they did not confound 
these larvee with worms, and they knew that they underwent metamor- 
phoses. 
X. Phtheir—Tholea or Tholaath—Coccus Vitis.—Kermes of the 
Vine-—Coccus Adonidum.—Greenhouse Coccus—The Phtheir or 
louse of the vine, which Ctesias mentions as an insect which causes the 
vine to perish, and which in the Geoponics is classed with the cater- 
pillars among that plant’s greatest enemies, can correspond only to the 
Coccus Vitis, to the Cocci, or the Kermes of the vine§. We know 
that the Cocci or gall-insects, or the Cochineals, with the Aphides, 
are the insects which, from their small size and their rapid multiplica- 
tion, are the most similar to the louse ; their females also, like lice, are 
apterous, or without wings. The Cocci cover so completely the bark 
of the trees that it has a scurfy appearance. When the female has de- 
posited her eggs, her body dries up and becomes a solid crust, which 
covers the eggs, and its squamous surface is not unlike fat nits. These 
insects do harm by piercing the wood with their sharp proboscis, which is 
formed of a sheath having numerous joints, and three bristles or darts of 
great tenuity. With this tube they suck the sap and cause it to flow. 
* Arctia purpurea, Fabr. Entom. Syst., vol. iii. part 1. p. 466. No. 185. 
Walckenaer, Faun. Paris., vol. ii. p. 291. Godart, Papillons nocturnes, vol. i. 
p- 339. No. 105. 
+ Sphinx Elpenor, Fabr. Ent. Syst., vol. iii. p. 372. No. 51. Walckenaer, 
Faun. Paris. vol. ii. p. 276. No. 6. Godart, Crépusculaires, p- 46. 
t Sphinx Porcellus, Fabr. Ent. Syst., vol. iii. p. 373. Walckenaer, Faun. 
Paris., vol.ii. p. 279. Godart, Crépusculaires, p- 51. Duponchel, Zeonographie 
‘des Chenilles, tribe of Sphingide, pl. 5. fig. 1, a, b. 
§ Ctesias, " Indicorum, cap. 21. p. 253. edit. Baehr, Frankf., 1824, 8vo. 
Ctesias speaks of a red insect which in India destroys the trees producing am- 
ber, as in Greece the Phtheir destroys the vine: Larcher, p. 341. vol. vi. of his 
translation of Herodotus, has badly rendered this passage. 
