68 GESTURE-LANGtTAGE AND WORD -LANGUAGE. 



would protrude her lips, and hold up her hands with fingers 

 wide spread out, and she might he seen " biting her lips with 

 an upward contraction of the facial muscles when roguishly lis- 

 tening at the account of some ludicrous mishap, precisely as 

 lively persons among us would do." While speaking of a 

 person, she would point to the spot where he had been sitting 

 when she last conversed with him, and where she still beheved 

 him to be.^ 



Though, however, the deaf-and-dumb prove clearly to us 

 that a man may have human thought without being able to 

 speak, they by no means prove that he can think without any 

 means of physical expression. Their evidence tends the other 

 way. We may read with profit an eloquent passage on this 

 subject by a German professor, as, transcendental as it is, it is 

 put in such clear terms, that we may almost think we under- 

 stand it. 



" Herein lies the necessity of utterance, the representation 

 of thought. Thought is not even present to the thinker, till 

 he has set it forth out of himself. Man, as an individual en- 

 dowed with sense and with mind, first attains to thought, and 

 at the same time to the comprehension of himself, in setting 

 forth out of himself the contents of his mind, and iu this his 

 free production, he comes to the knowledge of himself, his 

 thinking ' 1.' He comes first to himself in uttering himself."^ 



This view is not contradicted, but to some extent supported, 

 by what we know of the earhest dawnings of thought among 

 the deaf-and-dumb. But we must take the word " utterance " 

 in its larger sense, to iucliide not speech alone, as Heyse seems 

 to do, but all ways by which man can express his thoughts. 

 Man is essentially, what the derivation of his name among our 

 Aryan race imports, not " the speaker," but he who thinks, he 

 who means. 



The deaf-and-dumb Kruse's opinion as to the development 

 of thought among his own class, by and together with gesture- 

 signs, has been ah-eady quoted; how the qualities which make 



' Lieber, On the Vocal Sounds of Laura Bridgman, in Smithsonian Contrib., 

 vol. ii. ; Washington, 1851. 



' Heyse, ' System der Sprachwissenschaft ; ' Berlin, 1856, p. 39. 



