aESTUEE-LANGUAGE AND WOED-LANGUAGE. 71 



to Speak, and to read from the lips, especially when the deaf- 

 ness is not total ; but the question is, whether it is worth while 

 to devote a large proportion of the few years' instruction which 

 is given to the poorer pupils, to this object. It is asserted in 

 Germany, that a want of the natural use of the lungs promotes 

 the tendency to consumption, which is very common among the 

 deaf-and-dumb, and that teaching them to articulate tends to 

 counteract this. This sounds probable enough, though I do 

 not find, even in Schmalz, any sufficient evidence to prove it, 

 but at any rate, there is no doubt that the deaf-and-dumb 

 should be encouraged to use their lungs in shouting at their 

 play, as they naturally do. 



It is quite clear that the loss of the powers of hearing and 

 speech is a loss to the mind which no substitute can fully re- 

 place. Children who have learnt to speak and afterwards be- 

 come deaf, lose the power of thinking in inward language, and 

 become to all intents and purposes the same as those who 

 could never hear at all, unless great pains are taken to keep 

 up and increase their knowledge by other means. " And thus 

 even those who become hard of hearing at an age when they 

 can already speak a little, by little and little lose all that they 

 have learnt. Their voices lose all cheerfulness and euphony, 

 every day wipes a word out of the memory, and with it the 

 idea of which it was the sign." ^ 



Spoken words appear to be, in the minds of the deaf-mutes 

 who have been artificially taught to speak, merely combined 

 movements of the throat and other vocal organs, and the initial 

 m.ovement made by them in calling words to mind has been 

 compared to a tickling in the throat. People wanting a sense 

 often imagine to themselves a resemblance between it and one 

 of the senses which they possess. The old saying of the blind 

 man, that he thought scarlet was like the sound of a trumpet, 

 is somewhat like a remark made by Kruse, that though he is 

 " stock-deaf," he has a bodily feeling of music, and difierent 

 instruments have difierent effects upon him. Musical tones 

 seem to his perception to have much analogy with colours. 

 The sound of the trumpet is yellow to him, that of the drum 



» Schmalz, pp. 2, 32. 



