IMAGES AND NAMES. 119' 



up, a similar virtue is believed to be exerted, if but tlie figure 

 of the animal sought be drawn on wood or bark, and after- 

 wards submitted to the influences of the magic medicine and 

 incantation.^ In their picture-writings, a man or beast is 

 shown to be under magic influence by drawing a line from the 

 mouth to the heart, as in the annexed flgure, which represents 

 a wolf under the charm of the 

 magician, and corresponds to the 

 incantation sung by the medicine- 

 man, " Run, wolf, your body's 

 mine."^ Writing in the last cen- 

 tury, Charlevoix remarks, that 

 the Illinois and some other tribes 

 make little marmouzets or pup- 

 pets to represent those whose '°' 

 lives they wish to shorten, and pierce these images to the 

 heart .^ 



We flnd thus among the Indians of North America one of 

 the commonest arts of magic practised in Europe in ancient 

 and medieval times. The art of making an image and melt- 

 ing it away, drying it up, shooting at it, sticking pins or thorns 

 into it, that some Hke injury may befall the person it is to re- 

 present, is too well known to need detailed description here,^ 

 and it is still to be found existing in various parts of the world. 

 Thus the Peruvian sorcerers are said still to make rag dolls and 

 stick cactus-thorns into them, and to hide them in secret holes 

 in houses, or in the wool of beds or cushions, thereby to cripple 

 people, or turn them sick or mad.* In Borneo the familiar 

 European practice still exists, of making a wax figure of the 

 enemy to be bewitched, whose body is to waste away as the 

 image is gradually melted,^ as in the story of Margery Jordane's 

 waxen image of Henry YI. The Hindoo arts are thus de- 

 scribed by the Abbe Dubois : — " They knead earth taken from 

 the sixty-four most unclean places, with hair, cHppings of hair, 



1 Schoolcraft, part i. pp. 372, 380-382. ^ Cliarlevoix, vol. vi. p. 88. 



^ Jacob Grimm, ' Deutsche Mythologie,' Gottingen, 3rd edit.; ISS^, p. 1045, etc 

 Brand, ' Popular Antiquities,' Bohn's Series ; London, 1855, vol. iii. p. 10, etc. 

 ■• Rivero and Tschudi, p. 181. * St. John, vol. ii. p. 260. 



