130 IMAGES AND NAMES. 



mind the soul and the body of his enemy or his friend are inse- 

 parably associated^ and thus he conies to hold, in his inconsis- 

 tent way, that a bond of connexion must after all survive be- 

 tween them. Therefore, the African fastens the jaw of his 

 slain enemy to a tabor or a horn, and his skull to the big drum, 

 that every crash and blast may send a thrill of agony through 

 the ghost of their dead owner.^ 



The connexion between a cut lock of hair and its former 

 owner is, in the mind at least, much closer than is necessary 

 for these purposes. As has been seen, the remains of a per- 

 son's food are sufficient to bewitch him by. In a witchcraft 

 case in the seventeenth century, the supposed sorceress con- 

 fessed that " there was a glove of the said Lord Henry buried in 

 the ground, and as that glove did rot and waste, so did the 

 liver of the said lord rot and waste." ^ Indeed, any association 

 of ideas in a man's mind, the vaguest similarity of form or po- 

 sition, even a mere coincidence in time, is sufficient to enable 

 the magician to work from association in his own mind, to asso- 

 ciation in the material world. Nor is there any essential dif- 

 ference in the process, whether his art is that of the diviner or 

 of the sorcerer, that is, whether his object is merely to foretell 

 something that will happen to a person, or actually to make 

 that something happen ; or if he is only concerned with the 

 searching out of the hidden past, the process remains much the 

 same, the intention only is different. 



Out of the endless store of examples, I will do no more than 

 take a few typical cases. They hang up charms in the Pacific 

 Islands to keep thieves and trespassers out of plantations ; a 

 few cocoa-nut leaves, plaited into the form of a shark, will 

 cause the thief who disregards it to be eaten by a real one ; 

 two sticks, set one across the other, will send a pain right across 

 his body, and the very sight of these tabus will send thieves 

 and trespassers off" in terror.^ In Kamchatka, when something 

 had been stolen, and the thief could not be discovered, they 

 would throw nerves or sinews into the fire, that as they shrank 

 and wriggled with the heat, the like might happen to the body 



1 Romer, ' Guinea ;' p. 112. Klemm, C. Gr., vol. iii. p. 352. 



2 Brand, vol. iii. p. 29. * Turner, p. 294. 



