176 THE ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATED ANIMALS. 



Fig. 54. 



Fig. 54.— The cartilaginous cranium of Rana esculenta. A, from 

 above ; B, from below -.—y, the " os en ceinture " or girdk-bone. 



Fig. 55. —Skull of Rana esculenta. A, from above ; B, from below ; 

 C, from the left side i—x, parasphenoid ; y, girdle-bone ; Z, the " tem- 

 ■ poro-mastoid." 



